The Conditional Effectiveness of Directive Mediation

ABSTRACT

This research re-examines the effectiveness of directive mediation in interstate rivalries. To do so, highlighting the importance of disputants’ willingness for successful directive mediation, this study identifies four conditions that affect the levels of disputants’ willingness to engage in mediation talks and proposes that the presence of such conditions improves or worsens the efficacy of directive strategies. We expect heavy-handed mediators will be less effective in a dispute involving highly interdependent or power-imbalanced rivalries while directive mediation performs poorly when it is led by unbiased mediators or when it is employed for long-running rivals. Our empirical findings, based on two existing rivalry datasets, suggest that directive mediation fares well when mediators are biased, when rivals are power-balanced, and when rivalries are protracted, and that the efficacy of directive mediation improves in disputes involving highly interdependent strategic rivals but decreases in the cases between highly interdependent general rivals.     

大革命时期共产国际、联共（布）关于中国农民问题的理论与实践

共产国际、联共（布）在指导中国革命的过程中重视中国农民问题,并在指导中国大革命中付诸实施了这一思想,推动了中国农民运动的发展。由于共产国际、联共（布）把解决中国农民问题的希望寄托在国民党身上,最后导致了农民运动的失败。究其原因,在于共产国际、联共（布）过高估计了国民党,轻视了共产党。     

论国际反避税的性质及措施

目前,以美国为首的众多国家,以严厉的惩罚机制来对治国际避税.但同时对于国际避税的概念和法律性质各国学者众说纷纭,在对其法律性质不甚明确的时候,以惩罚机制来对治避税是缺乏法律依据的,应以国际避税的后果为标准来进行国际合作,进而国际反避税.     

Mediación y jurisdicción voluntaria en el marco de la modernización de la justicia. una aproximación a la legislación española

The legal maxim Justice delayed is justice denied, but is now a reality. People demanding agility and require a solution promptly and fairly close to its interests, it is fitting that in a world dominated by technology, legal and administrative bureaucracy around the delivery of justice to maintain a slow pace. At the international level seek ways of economic and prompt settlement of disputes in this way are promoted among various legal means, first voluntary jurisdiction otherwise the mediation, it is both streamline procedures, however the legal for each is different. The analysis of the article focuses on the legal experience and valuing Spanish first draft Voluntary Jurisdiction Act and the Act on civil and family mediation to establish its various functions in search of an agile and real justice.     

跨国犯罪中的人口贩卖问题

跨国人口贩卖已严重侵犯了人类最基本的人权,剥夺人的尊严与自由,成为威胁国际社会正常秩序最为严重的罪行之一。基于此类犯罪在新时期所显示出的新特点,国际间应当加强执法合作,严厉打击此类犯罪。     

《消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》在我国的实施及挑战

《消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》是我国最早签署的由联合国大会通过的核心国际人权公约。1980年7月我国就签署了这一公约,《公约》于一年后的9月对我国正式生效。该公约在我国的生效时长已经超过了30年,对我国妇女保障体制的发展产生了很大的推动作用。但同时,《公约》的国内实施还面临着很多的挑战,这些困难和挑战在联合国妇女权利委员会定期审议的相关文件中可见一斑。     

Ten years in the United Nations: Where does Switzerland stand?

Prior to its full membership in the United Nations, Switzerland was an active observer and even an active member of many specialized UN agencies. However, ten years ago, Swiss voters finally approved full UN membership and in 2002, behavioral data started to become available on Switzerland's involvement in the major UN assemblies. Switzerland was admitted to the UN General Assembly (UNGA) as a full member on September 10th, 2002 and was elected to the newly created UN Human Rights Council (UNHRC) in 2006. Switzerland wished to be an active partner in both of these assemblies. In this research note we describe, based on novel data collected on the UNGA and the UNHRC, how Switzerland positions itself in the “orchestra of nations.”     

国际通信法:界域、主体及架构

国际通信法是现代国际法专业化发展的产物,其界域包括两类通信领域的国际事务:一是国际通信活动的规制,二是通信制度的国际协调;其主体具有鲜明的多元化特征,被国际通信法赋予国际人格并参加国际通信法律关系的实体,不仅有国家和政府间国际组织,还有法人和个人。国际通信法是一个庞大的法律体系,其规范具有普遍性、区域性和双边性三个不同层次,分属国际电信联盟、万国邮政联盟、世界贸易组织等众多国际体制,归于国际通信通道法、国际通信服务法和国际通信行为法三个不同板块,由此形成了国际通信法的立体网络架构。我国通信事业的发展非常迅速,但有关通信的立法相对滞后。因此,有必要熟悉通信领域的国际规则,加强国际通信法的研究。     

国际移民书信对侨乡教育的影响

近现代,国际移民书信多指海外华人通过民间渠道给家人汇款时附寄的书信,在广东潮汕、梅州地区、福建闽南地区称其为"侨批",在广东江门五邑地区称其为"银信"。它们作为闽粤侨批"富矿"的有机组成,已成为侨乡文化的重要载体。这里,以原生态的国际移民批信为依据,着重阐述在极端困难的生存环境下,仍积极捐资助学,兴办学校教育,培育人才,推动侨乡教育事业发展,从而高度赞扬了他们热爱家乡、重视侨乡教育的爱国情怀。     

Assessing Aid and Global Governance

This analysis argues for a system of global economic, social and political governance in which development aid is part of wider global redistributive mechanisms to foster social progress and development in the twenty-first century. The study provides two arguments in favour of setting up a new system of global governance, and the role of aid in such a new system. First, since in the current international economic system aid cannot cope with adverse external shocks, a new system of global governance is necessary in order to protect LDCs from the volatility of the international economic system. Second, it is argued that a new system of global governance is needed to improve redistribution at the global level to foster social progress and development.