川端康成文学中的传统文化情结

读日本作家川端康成的文学作品 ,会发现其故事情节的展开 ,往往与现实生活中某地真实的自然风貌或风土人情交织在一起。因此有些日本学者将此称之为“纪行性”表现手法。本文通过对《伊豆舞女》等几部作品中所表现出的“纪行性”因素的考察 ,尝试探讨该创作手法为作品带来的艺术效果和作家的审美情趣。     

论新中国对日本战犯的审理

新中国对日本战犯的审理,是抗日战争胜利后轰动世界的一件大事。中国政府把审理与改造有机地结合起来,在侦察、核准日本战犯犯罪事实的同时,启迪了日本战犯的思想认识,促使他们发生了根本的转变,为审理打下了良好的基础。在审理日本战犯的过程中,中国政府贯穿了公正、严肃和法制的精神,宽大处理日本战犯,使新中国对日本战犯的审理取得了巨大的成功。通过审理,既揭露了日本侵略者在中国伤天害理的滔天罪行,伸张了人类正义;又把一些战争罪犯改造成为坚决反对战争、力主中日友好的骨干力量;同时把新中国竭诚和平和革命人道主义的精神传播到了全世界。     

日据时期台湾青年赴大陆求学探略

日据时期,一大批台湾青年在大陆高校优惠的招生政策吸引之下,通过各种渠道赴大陆求学。这些台湾学子在求学期间组织各类社团积极从事反日学生运动;抗战爆发后,有相当一部分台湾学生留在大陆通过各种形式参与对日作战;到抗战后期,部分毕业生还参与了收复台湾的前期准备工作。通过在大陆的学习和实践,他们认识到台湾的命运是与祖国的命运紧密相连的,只有争取到大陆的解放才能使台湾彻底摆脱日本的殖民统治。     

台湾“高砂义勇队”考论

台湾被割让给日本后,原住民一直是日本殖民主义者严酷镇压和杀戮的对象,在被杀戮与反抗的过程中,“蕃人”(原住民)被改造为“高砂族”。由于太平洋侵略战争的需要,日本殖民主义者多次征召原住民组成“高砂义勇队”奔赴南洋各个战场,充当战争的“炮灰”。随着日本的战败,台湾回归中国,这些原住民组成的“高砂义勇队”也便成了历史难以体认的存在,因为他们从被屠戮者转变为受人驱使的杀戮者,这成为了历史的吊诡。历史学者有责任拨开迷障,揭示历史的真相并给予正确的评判。     

黄遵宪《日本国志》中的宪政思想及其影响

黄遵宪是近代中国第一个对日本明治维新进行实地考察研究的思想家。其撰写的《日本国志》是“中国近代第一部系统而深入地研究日本的百科全书式著作”。在《日本国志》中,黄遵宪对日本明治维新后宪政制度现状的客观评介,为近代中国输入了全新宪政思想,也为清末宪政改革提供了重要的借鉴。     

中国大学生的美国观与日本观比较

中国大学生既有反美情绪也有反日情绪,但是二者的内容、程度、性质及指向的主体有很大不同。另一方面,大多数大学生认为,美国和日本也有许多值得肯定和学习借鉴的地方,如美国国内的社会环境、价值观念等。此外,中国大学生的美国观与日本观都存在三个问题:态度上的情绪化、认识上的片面性和思维方式上的单向性。     

大学生消费价值观遭遇文化帝国主义

作为当代市场经济社会中不可或缺的人格素质要求,大学生的消费行为及其价值观的形成过程应当被视为一个全面的意识形态教育及其信念的建构过程。在西方消费社会的文化价值观连同其中的意识形态开始直接影响当代大学生的思想状况的时候,有必要适当调整大学生思想政治教育的视角,开展围绕着“消费价值观教育”的相关改革。     

Japanese Network Capital: The Impact of Social Networks on Japanese Political Participation

Recent scholarship shows that social capital has a large influence on political behavior. Social capital’s definition includes trust, norms of reciprocity, and social networks. Most studies, however, ignore the networking component. Here, we test the influence of social networks on political participation using new Japanese survey data. We separately test the effects of involvement in formally organized voluntary associations and informal social networks. We also examine whether hierarchical networks have a different impact on participation than equal relationships. To determine if networks with bridging or bonding social capital affect participation differently, we also measure the openness to outsiders of these networks. Negative binomial regression models indicate a strong positive relationship between formal and informal social networking—including network hierarchy and some forms of openness—and political participation.     

MiniSTR multiplex systems based on non-CODIS loci for analysis of degraded DNA samples

We describe two short amplicon autosomal short tandem repeat (miniSTR) quadruplex systems for eight loci D1S1171, D2S1242, D3S1545, D4S2366, D12S391, D16S3253, D20S161, and D21S1437, unlinked from the combined DNA index system (non-CODIS) loci, using newly designed primer sets. The results of an assay of 411 Japanese individuals showed that polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products within the eight loci were less than 150bp in size, without the seven additional bases for adenylation. The frequency distributions in the loci showed no deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium expectations. The accumulated power of discrimination and power of exclusion for the eight loci were 0.9999999991 and 0.998, respectively. For assay of highly degraded DNA, including artificially degraded samples and the degraded forensic casework samples assessed with the present miniSTR quadruplex systems, the systems proved quite effective in analyzing degraded DNA.     

Guest editor's introduction

In 1933 the army of the nascent Iraqi state launched an exterminatory attack on members of the Assyrian community who had fled to Iraq during the First World War. 'The Assyrian affair' which at the time sent shock-waves around the world has now been largely forgotten. But an examination of its origins and causation reveals much about the nature and pattern of modern genocide. Levene argues that typecasting genocide as the outcome of prejudice, racism or even xenophobia, while these may be significant ingredients, proves to be insufficient as a comprehensive explanation. Rather, these factors need to be analysed within the context of an emerging international system of nation-states. This itself may be a factor in helping to catalyse the most extreme and radically ideological responses, especially from new and untried national elites seeking to overcome perceived obstacles to their state's development and genuine independence.