The Electoral Cycle and Multi-Level Voting in Germany

The aim of this contribution is to analyse whether Land elections may (have) become uncoupled from the federal electoral process, and, if they have, to explore the implications for party competition in Germany. Initially, an overview is presented of the relevant theoretical models that can help unpack the relationship between different electoral arenas. Secondly, how these ideas have been applied to national and sub-national electoral competition in Germany is outlined, before an examination of the 'fit' of the data in both the pre- and post-unification periods. We conclude with reflections on two key features that have regularly surfaced in Gordon Smith's writings: party system change and political stability.     

论集体土地所有权的缺陷及其完善措施

本文以农村经济市场化为背景 ,总结和分析了我国现行集体土地所有权存在的缺陷 ,提出了完善集体土地所有权的基本思路以及明确界定农民集体组织、完善土地征用制度并赋予村农民集体土地取回权等具体的集体土地所有权完善措施。     

The Politics of Caste in India’s New Land Wars

ABSTRACT

In this article we introduce the special issue through framing the debate on the role of caste in India’s current land wars. We draw attention to how caste consistently mediates land transfers in present day India by pre-empting, undermining, or fuelling processes of social contestation, as well as the ways in which land claims in turn shape realigned or reimagined caste identities. Based on this, we make three main arguments. The first and most obvious one is that in contemporary conflicts over land, caste matters in evolving ways that deserve attention. Second, we argue that caste and land are recursively linked categories that are produced and reproduced in continuous interaction, even as multi-scalar political economies (re)shape them. And third, that different registers of caste are articulated by different social groups in more or less overt ways as they stake often competing claims to land.     

宪法关于领土问题规定研究

领土是国家构成的基本要素,也是宪法的重要内容.世界上大多数国家完法都有关于领土的规定,这是解决领土问题和领土纠纷的重要的法律依据,也是维护国家主权和领土完整所不可或缺的,体现了国际法的基本精神与原则.我国现行宪法对领土问题未作规定,是基于特定历史条件下的特殊考虑.在领土关系和领土问题日益复杂化的今天,在宪法中对领土问题加以明确规定,有助于为处理领土问题和领土争端,打击分裂主义势力,维护国家主权和领土完整提供必要的法律支持和法律保障.     

试论俄国农民土地银行的作用

俄国农民土地银行是沙皇政府成立的、专门向农民发放购买土地贷款的国家专业银行。它具有鲜明的等级特性，本质上是维护沙皇专制统治、剥削农民的工具。同时，农民土地银行客观上在俄国经济和社会发展过程中发挥了一定的积极作用。     

论土地督察制度与土地管理模式改革

土地督察制度的建立标志着我国土地管理制度的重大变革,其实质是通过加强政府内部控制的方式实现有效的土地管理和利用,建立一种“政府自我克制”模式。它发挥作用的核心机制是中央政府和地方政府的博弈。这一模式的建立意义重大,但仍存在诸多弊端。我们应当转换思维,在中央、地方之外加入对公民权利的考量,形成“中央—地方—民权”三位一体的土地管理新模式。     

宁夏农村土地制度变迁与创新研究

农村土地制度的变迁，直接关系到农民的脱贫致富和农村经济的发展。从宁夏农村土地制度变迁的历史演进过程来看，我区农村现行的土地制度在实施过程中存在明显的局限性。     

西方国家公共服务合同外包研究的进展与趋势

合同外包是西方国家公共服务市场化改革的重要制度安排。早期研究主要围绕“为何外包”、“外包什么”、“何时外包”以及“如何外包”等问题而展开。最近，合同外包的逆向发展趋势引起了学术界的关注，并逐步成为该领域研究的新热点。学术界开始改变民营化是一种单向发展的观点，而意识到了合同外包与逆向承包的动态发展。未来的研究者应该超越市场与计划的二元对立模式，走出视合同外包为一种单向市场过程的传统思维，更多地关注合同外包与逆向承包的动态发展，关注一种务实的、动态的、市场与政府混合的公共服备提供方式l的发展．     

孙中山的平均地权理论及其现代启示

平均地权的主旨是实现全体国民共享土地收益,求“地利共享”；同时强调土地使用效益的增进,求“地尽其利”.孙中山提出了平均地权的实施办法:“规定地价”、“照价征税”、“照价收买”、“涨价归公”四大纲要,以及“均权制”、“耕者有其田”等制度政策.实现平均地权思想的制度和政策方式可以有不同选择,我国现阶段在农村应坚持土地承包制...