晚清至民国西部工商业和城市困顿探析

在中国近代工业的起步阶段，西部地区曾有一些企业较早创办，但除一二家企业勉强维持外，其余均昙花一现，相继停闭。除了自身因素，还因为中国近代企业的创办，主要不是基于中国自身的发展，而是得助于外来资金和技术的注入，而这是西部所明显欠缺的。同一时期，除了大宗出口商品长途运销外，西部省份的土产运销范围狭窄，商业发展和变革迟滞。与此相关，西部的城市化进程普遍滞后。缺乏近代城市对经济发展的促动和引领，是晚清至民国西部经济落后于东部的具体表现，也是这种落后长期延续的原因之一。     

房地产契证制度与清末社会稳定——以南京地区房地产契证为范例的分析

房地产契证制度是中国一项传统的房地产法律规范制度，至清末已发展得相当完善。房地产契证不仅记录房地产交易的具体内容，记载政府的法律规制情况和对房地产的实际管理状况，也反映了社会的发展状况。在清末社会的动荡变革中，财产关系相对稳定，房地产交易能够正常进行，社会生活得以正常延续，一定程度上得益于房地产契证制度在保障交易安全、维护财产秩序方面的作用。通过颇具特色的清末南京地区房地产契证制度，研究清代房地产契证与房地产法律规制的实际作用，研究清末完善的契证制度在保护个人财产、维护产权人的合法权益、稳定基层管理秩序、保护基层社会老百姓的生存权利方面所发挥的积极作用。     

清末新政时期外交中对外报的重视与应用

报纸在近代外交中具有重要作用。清末新政时期,清政府在外交部门的机构设置中凸显了对外报的重视。在具体的外交实践中,清政府也能够将外报作为获取外交信息的一个重要来源,并以此作为外交决策的重要参考。对外报的重视与利用体现了这一时期统治阶级外交心态的转变。     

晚唐诗·新月诗·朦胧诗--试论中国诗语"意"、"象"的非一致性特征

晚唐诗以“意”、“象”的不确定性带来了诗歌艺术的朦胧之美 ,开创了中国诗歌创作的另一境界。 2 0世纪初的新月诗在形式上与晚唐诗有极大不同 ,可诗的“境”、“意”的非一致性仍是主要的特征。 2 0世纪末的朦胧诗 ,更加努力加大“意”、“象”的这种距离感 ,以增加诗的多元和多层次性 ,更具有一种立体解读的要求。     

晚清驻外领事中的华商侨领

晚清驻外领事品流纷杂,来源不一,其中驻在国华商侨领膺任领职者,在晚清设领保商护侨方面发挥的作用独具特色,尤为引人注目。本文拟分析华商侨领充任领事的原因,概述其作为,并在此基础上对其做一更为客观、公允的评价。     

试论晚期希腊哲学的个人伦理价值观

晚期希腊哲学家在城邦衰弱之后,不得不深入追究自己内在的独立的生命意义,寻求人生的终极价值和恒定的精神依托。对那种以政治利益为最高的善、全然抹杀个人利益、淹没个性偏好的城邦伦理进行了批判,并且提出了构建个人独立的道德、原则。     

清末民国时期北京的"救娼"与"废娼"

文章在考察晚清民国时期北京娼妓业的发展概况、产生原因与社会危害的基础上,重点分析政府与社会在内外交困的时代背景下,为救助特殊的娼妓群体与消除这个病态社会群体而进行的尝试与探索。     

“Neither angels,nor demons,but humans”: anti-essentialism and its ideological moments among the Russian Zionist intelligentsia

This article shows that anti-essentialism was a pivotal ideological feature of Russian Zionism – the idiom of Zionism that lay behind Russian Zionist periodicals such as Rassvet in Late Imperial Russia. For Russian Zionists, the Jewish nation was the social field that existed as a social fact. While Russian Zionists' concept of the Jewish nation was inevitably influenced by their political context, nonetheless, it was primarily a result of the convergence of the following two ideological movements. First, there emerged a sense that a socioeconomic foundation was crucial in forming a nation. The transformation of Jewish socioeconomic positions in Eastern Europe and Russia was the background of this consciousness. The second is the ideological claim that any collective entity or social field should be respected regardless of its merit and utility vis-à-vis others. More specifically, for Russian Zionists, the Jewish raison d'être was the simple existence of their own social field; they believed that no further definition was required. The emergence of this viewpoint can be understood as a reaction to the Zionists' perception of Jewish history where Jews pursued the recognition and validation of their place among non-Jews by virtue of their merit or utility vis-à-vis non-Jews.     

百年中国宪法视野中的人民权利研究

百年中国宪法视野中人民权利的发展和变化,经历了异常曲折的道路:从晚清时代的无名无实,到民国时代的有名无实;从新中国初期的名实比较相符但尚在起步,到社会主义曲折发展过程中的名实不符或名实微弱,再到改革开放以来的名实日趋一致并不断巩固扩大.这些发展和变化,留下了重要的经验和启示.中国人民实现和发展自己权利的道路,必将越走越宽广.     

The state and the stray dogs in late Ottoman Istanbul: from unruly subjects to servile friends

The present article situates the systemic efforts to annihilate stray dogs within the wider picture of Ottoman modernizing reforms in the nineteenth century. The period under investigation witnessed an increasing desire on the part of the modern Ottoman state to control and reform disenfranchised human and animal groups, which were believed to jeopardize public order, security and hygiene. These groups – beggars, orphans and the unemployed – were identified as actors irreconcilable with the modern image that the reforming bureaucracy and modernizing elites sought to project. In the face of increasing challenges from European powers, they were the epitome of underdevelopment and backwardness. Ottoman elites and official authorities therefore proposed and implemented institutional measures in the form of forced labor, reformatories or deportation to reform the conditions of these groups, segregate them from the greater public and discipline them. In the modern period, along with the proposals that called for the removal of dogs, modernizing intellectuals and professionals proposed alternative plans to render non-human animals beneficial to human needs and the modern state's expectations.