Japanese Demographic Crisis in View of Marx’s Capitalist Law of Population

ABSTRACT

In more than four decades, Japanese society has rapidly intensified a tendency towards a very low fertility rate with a smaller number of children. It is generally confirmed that a society needs a total fertility rate of at least 2.1 in order to avoid a decline in its total population. The total fertility rate in Japan was still 2.14 in 1973, when the period of high economic growth in the post-World War II ended. It continued to decline to 1.26 in 2005. It then recovered somewhat in 2015, as the post-war “junior” baby-boom generation reacted to its last chance to have children. However, the recovery is temporary, and the Japanese total fertility rate is estimated to slide again in the 2020s. This article examines this transition through a re-examination of Marx’s capitalist law of population. This approach rejects the naturalist theory of population and directs attention to Japan’s demographic decline in the context of neo-liberal policies in contemporary capitalism.     

伦理与婚姻法——评马克思《论〈离婚法草案〉》

马克思所著的法学著作涉及伦理问题的比较少,《论〈离婚法草案〉》是其中非常重要的一篇。在这篇文章中,马克思认为婚姻法必须合乎伦理,伦理是婚姻法的本质所在,是婚姻法存在的根本基础,婚姻法是社会认为必须以国家权力为后盾,以法律形式才能维护的婚姻伦理关系的上升。以青年马克思在《论〈离婚法草案〉》中所阐述的伦理与婚姻法思想观察我国现行婚姻法,我们会发现我国现行婚姻法与马克思理想中的婚姻法有许多一致性,可见马克思法律思想对我国法治建设仍然具有深刻影响,继续加强马克思法律思想研究有重要现实意义。     

Spectres of Coke: Judicial Supervision as a Revolutionary Inheritance

Sir Edward Coke is known for having played a central role in establishing the power of the common law courts to exercise a supervisory jurisdiction over the executive/administration. Coke is usually praised in the literature for his boldness in doing this, whilst he is at the same time censured for having dared to suggest that this jurisdiction should be a very wide one. This essay questions the inheritance of judicial supervision and enquires whether there may be a secret to uncover in Coke’s texts. Referring to Coke’s Institutes, it is suggested that the wide jurisdiction of the common law courts that Coke advanced, is linked to and should be understood in light of Coke’s pronouncements in the epigrams on law and justice. Judicial supervision, according to this reading of Coke, involves not only a necessarily limited jurisdiction in accordance with law, but also the desire for an unlimited jurisdiction, which corresponds with Derrida’s analysis of justice and law. This reading of Coke, it is suggested, calls on us to view judicial supervision as revolutionary in nature, which requires of the courts to rethink fundamentally the way in which they exercise their supervisory function.

Marxism in the Post-Communist World

Abstract

Marx was and remained a philosopher. This simple fact was forgotten when Marxism became a system. Now that the system has been defeated, the philosophy re-emerges. However, its "Marxist" adherents have never understood that this philosophy was always political - in short, they have never understood politics, and there fore will never understand philosophy. Thus, the claim of the article is that, correctly read, Marx can be seen as the true philosophical founder of a modern theory of democracy.     

马克思的人性观浅析

马克思从人与人的对象的统一中来规定和认识人性,所得出的是现实的人性,总体的人性,是随着历史发展和人的生存条件的变化而不断改变的人性。这种人性观认为,人性是自我的;人的需要就是人的自我性的证明。人性中的利己和利他的矛盾是人性的基本矛盾,也是人类社会的基本矛盾,人性的表现是利己的还是利他的,取决于人生活的具体历史环境。马克思对人性的规定是人性观上的"哥白尼式革命"。     

论马克思罪刑均衡观的理性与意义

马克思虽然没有建立起一套完整的刑罚理论体系,但他对罪刑均衡的论述时至今日仍然具有重要的研究价值。以求真务实的精神和与时俱进的态度系统地学习和研究马克思罪刑均衡观,对于我们审视、评价和完善现行刑罚的功能及作用,建立科学的社会主义刑罚体系和建设社会主义刑事法治具有重要的指导意义。     

马克思社会发展观与和谐社会关系理论研究综述

构建社会主义和谐社会是中国共产党提出的新的社会发展阶段性目标,也是马克思主义中国化的阶段性成果。研究和谐社会理论与马克思社会发展理论之间的关系具有重大理论及现实意义。     

马克思人的需要理论的发生学逻辑探析及中国化启示

人的需要问题是马克思理论与实践活动的出发点和归宿。从历时性和共时性相结合的研究方法出发,可以将马克思关于人的需要的理论探索大致分为三个阶段,在这三个阶段中,人的需要理论明显呈现为一种否定之否定的过程,并最终在《资本论》及其手稿中实现了对人之需要的全面具体地把握。马克思人的需要理论的发生学逻辑对中国特色的社会主义建设的启示是:必须从具体整体性的高度关照人的需要问题,树立能力本位的发展理念,坚持以人为本的科学发展观,并促进人的全面自由发展与社会发展的和谐一致。     

马克思的“以人的发展”为财富尺度的人学价值

马克思的《政治经济学批判（1857-1858年手稿）》中包含有丰富的哲学和人学思想,关于＂以人的发展＂作为衡量财富的尺度思想就是一个很好的典范。这是我们研究马克思哲学和人学思想的一个很好的切入点。通过对马克思的《政治经济学批判（1857-1858手稿）》中的有关于＂财富的尺度＂思想作些浅薄的解读,能对我们当前如何构建和谐社会提供有益的实践指导。     

从批判“冒充共同体”到构建“真正共同体”——从马克思的现代性角度审视

马克思主义哲学作为时代精神的精华,是时代的产物,是与现代性问题紧密相连的。马克思主义哲学是反现代性的现代性,是在批判现代性中重建现代性的,而现代性的批判与现代性的重建都是立足于共同体角度的。马克思批判现代性就是要立足于批判冒充共同体(包括货币、资本抽象共同体与国家虚幻共同体等)对于人的本质的异化;马克思重建现代性就是要立足于重建真正共同体,实现人的本质的真正复归,实现人的自由而全面的发展。