中共黄埔军校支部质疑

党史学界普遍认为中共在黄埔军校建有党的支部,开始称直接支部,后来改为特别支部.这种观点的主要依据,就是署名刘天的<赤黄埔系的形成与没落>一文.而事实上,根据中共三大党章的规定,以及相关史料的披露,在黄埔一期时,中共建立的是5个党小组而不是所谓的直接支部.黄埔一期后,中共黄埔军校党组织仍然采取秘密小组活动的形式,始终没有建立过党的支部,更谈不上存在所谓的中共黄埔特剐支部.中共为什么不在黄埔军校建立党的支部?这主要在于中共当时对军事工作的重要性还缺乏足够的认识,因而对在国民革命军中(包括黄埔军校)建立和发展中共党组织作出了严格的限制,只允许在国民革命军中派遣特派员和建立中共党小组.而认为不便于建立党的支部.     

地缘战略与中国周边安全的思考

地缘政治总是将地理因素和国家的发展规划、发展目标紧紧相连,甚至直接影响大国的总体战略。中国周边地区在世界地缘战略格局中举足轻重,既为中国提供了巨大的地缘战略依托,也给中国周边安全增加了许多复杂变数。历史上,中国周边地区对中国的战略安全关系重大,周边安则中国安。因此,构建一个成熟、科学、有效的周边地缘战略意义重大。     

Patterns of Intimate Partner Violence Among Married Women in the Military: Type, Level, Directionality and Consequences

While separate evidence exists that married military women have high rates of both intimate partner violence victimization and aggression, little is known about the context of this violence, including the extent to which the violence committed toward and by military women is physical, psychological or sexual, whether the violence is unilateral or bi-directional, and the extent of injury sustained or inflicted. In order to gain a more multi-dimensional understanding of the violence in the lives of military women, this study involved 248 enlisted females who completed a self-report survey about themselves and their spouses’ behavior. Results indicate that the majority of violence reported was bi-directional and symmetrical in terms of type and level of severity. However, enlisted females were more than three times as likely to be victims of unilateral severe violence as their male civilian spouses. Demographic factors associated with these patterns of violence were also identified.

Different forces in one: the origin and development of organizational cultures in the Japanese Ground and Maritime Self-Defense Forces, 1950–present

This article explains the processes in which the two SDFs’ organizational cultures were formed by examining the ways in which the two Self Defense Forces (SDFs) were established in the early 1950s and have interacted with their US counterparts since that time. The article argues that the reason that the Ground Self Defense Force (GSDF) has been so cautious about sending troops to overseas operations, whereas the Maritime Self Defense Force (MSDF) has been willing to provide any possible support for the US Navy (USN), is that they have developed different organizational cultures – different collective beliefs and understandings about how to contribute to the national interest that they defined – through their decades-long relations with their US counterparts since the early 1950s. It is especially important to consider what type of Japanese actors were in charge of establishing each of the two SDFs in the early 1950s, what intentions they had when they established the two SDFs, and what kind of relations they had with their US counterparts. It is also important to consider how the USAR and USN responded to the requests from their Japanese counterparts in the 1950s and 1960s.