建国以来我国对妇女教育的推进

妇女素质的提高关系到整个民族素质的提升,关系到整个国家的未来。建国以来,我国历届领导人为推进妇女教育,都做出了不懈的努力和探索,至今已经取得了良好的成效。回溯新中国以来妇女教育的成就,总结经验教训,有助于妇女教育的进一步开展,更有助于妇女的全面发展。     

African American Women’s Readiness to Change Abusive Relationships

This study explores 178 low-income, abused African American women’s readiness to change abusive relationships and achieve safety. We explore stages of change using Prochaska and DiClemente’s transtheoretical model (TM; Precontemplation, Contemplation, Action, Preparation, and Maintenance). Results reveal that: for abused women, the stages fall along a continuum (versus discreet and linear stages); abused women are primarily in the Contemplation stage; and multiple factors (perception of current abuse, number of children in her home, symptoms of general anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD], substance use, spiritual well-being, self-esteem, and social support) affect women’s total readiness to change intimate partner violence (IPV). Current IPV, anxiety, PTSD, substance abuse, and spirituality were positively correlated with readiness to change, and children in the home and self-esteem were negatively correlated with readiness to change. Multiple regression analysis revealed that PTSD and spiritual well-being are positive predictors of readiness to change. Findings contribute to the growing body of literature supporting the TM as applied to IPV. Results are discussed in terms of applicability to interventionists, policy makers, and community leaders as they consider the plight of abused women and their efforts towards violence-free relationships.     

Marital Violence: Is it a Factor Affecting the Reproductive Health Status of Women?

The aim of this study is to determine the effects of violence on the reproductive health of women and utilization of reproductive health services. The study population consisted of 250 married women aged 15 to 49, selected from patients at two different hospitals’ obstetrics and gynecology clinics in Ankara, Turkey. A data collection form and the “Scale of Marital Violence Against Women” were used to obtain data. According to the study, women who have lower education levels and who first experience marriage and sexual intercourse at a younger age suffer from violence more frequently. Women experiencing violence have higher gravida and para numbers. The majority of these women has not undergone appropriate prenatal care and delivered their babies under the supervision of a health care professional. These women have been using traditional and ineffective contraceptive methods. Marital violence has led to unfavorable effects on these women’s reproductive health and utilization of reproductive health services.     

冷战后泰南穆斯林分离运动的原因探析

本文试图从政治、经济、文化和国际背景入手,分析泰南穆斯林分离运动在冷战后时期再度兴起的原因,阐明泰南穆斯林分离运动的形成与发展既是历史的延续,也是内因与外因交互作用的结果,其中内因起着主导作用。     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed in this article:
Stuart F. Voss, Latin America in the Middle Period 1750–1929
Norman Long, Development Sociology: Actors Perspectives
Elizabeth J. Friedman, Unfinished Transitions. Women and the Gendered Development of Democracy in Venezuela, 1936–1996
Roberto González Echevarría, The Pride of Havana. A History of Cuban Baseball
Christopher Dunn, Brutality Garden: Tropicália and the Emergence of a Brazilian Counterculture     

Remanding Women in Custody: Concerns for Human Rights

Concern about the increasing population of women in prison has tended to focus on the sentencing of female offenders. It is often overlooked that about one in five women held in custody is there on remand, awaiting trial or sentence, and that most of them will not receive a prison sentence at the end of the process. This article examines the legal grounds for a custodial remand and explores the extent to which individual rights guaranteed under the European Convention are adequately protected. It is argued that women are particularly disadvantaged by the laws governing bail and by their practical application in the criminal justice system; and that the pre-trial detention of so many women routinely violates the spirit of the Convention by allowing questionable claims to social utility to prevail over the right to liberty and to a fair trial.     

印度女性社会地位探析

印度政府长期致力于从经济、政治、法律等各方面促进女性发展，从为女性创造一个良好的外部发展环境、帮助女性在经济上获得独立、消除性别歧视等方面入手，使女性参与社会经济活动的人数和经济活动的范围都在不断扩大。尽管如此，印度女性在发展进程中还存在着种种问题和挑战。     

US Women Federal Court Judges Appointed by President Carter

There is considerable disagreement as to whether any gender differences on the bench are symbolic, substantive, or both. This paper, based on never-before published surveys and personal interviews conducted in the early 1980s, contributes to that discussion by describing what women appointed to the federal bench by President Carter between 1976 and 1980 had to say about gender differences in their first years in office. I conclude that these early experiences and comments by women on the bench are still relevant today and presage much of the research on judicial gender which has followed.

State and Non-State Alliances in the Middle East

Proxy relationships between non-state challengers and their external state patrons in the Middle East are a factor that can weaken regional stability as non-state proxies become both a tool and a decisive factor in shaping inter-state competition between regional powers. As a result, non-state actors with regional influence must increasingly be factored into policy decisions in military, diplomatic and legal terms.