国际妇女运动的发展与中国的男女平等基本国策

2004年是全国妇联建会55周年。遵照胡锦涛主席的指示精神,这一年被定为“男女平等基本国策”宣传年。顺应妇女发展的世界潮流,在强有力的国内政治背景下,我国于1995年提出“男女平等是促进社会发展的一项基本国策”。近10年来,党和政府采取了一系列有力措施,从法律政策、组织机构、运作机制入手,促进男女平等和妇女发展,取得了显著效果,但也存在一些问题。目前,妇联已与151个国家和地区近700个妇女儿童组织和机构建立了友好联系,成为具有广泛国际影响的妇女组织,对推动国家关系、维护世界和平起到了重要作用。     

Fighting for Fame: The ‘Heroines of Pervyse’ and the Disputed Construction of a Public Image

Abstract: This investigative analysis bases itself on an array of documentary material from the archives of the Imperial War Museum in its effort to recover the intricate story behind the two British volunteer nurses who made their name during the First World War with the first-aid station they set up in Pervyse, a mere stone's throw away from the Belgian firing line. The essay juxtaposes a variety of documentary sources—the unpublished diaries of the two women, Geraldine Mitton's reconstruction of the story out of the nurses' journals and letters in The Cellar-House of Pervyse (1916), and two photograph albums, ‘The Women of Pervyse’, bequeathed to the Imperial War Museum—in a quest to understand how the two nurses came to acquire their status of national heroines. Sifting through the source material, this investigation reveals the numerous inconsistencies and gaps that exist between the published and the unpublished accounts of the dressing station, whose true genesis is obscured by several competing narratives. A close reading of Mitton's account and the photographic portraitures discloses that neither of these documents ought to be taken at their face value. They need to be understood as valuable tools in the nurses' own battle for authority, public recognition and their opportunity to feature as genuine protagonists in the arena of war.     

女性艺术与崇高

世界艺术史上的女性艺术家及其作品和男性艺术家笔下的女性往往被排斥在真正意义上的崇高之外，她们既不能成为朗吉努斯所说的：“伟大心灵的回声”，也不能代表康德所认为的：“无法把握的同时也无法与之较量的无限形式”。在此情境之下，“女性”艺术和“女性”艺术家若想摆脱“女性”这个充满歧视意味的语汇，成为艺术和艺术家，则必须在“躲避崇高”的时代语境中“重建崇高”，用自己的语言和自己的视角来审视自身的特点和价值，批判不公正的两性关系，促进形成一种更为和谐的社会关系。     

Pedagogy of individual choice and female inmate reentry in the U.S. Southwest

Much of the mental health, substance use, and educational programming within a particular women's prison in the southwestern United States promotes individual choice and agency. Incarcerated women from rural areas are told that their ability to succeed outside of prison is primarily dependent upon their personal choices. Comparably little attention is given to preparing women for their upcoming release or to overcoming structural barriers that could undermine successful reentry within rural communities. As a result, these returning citizens, many of whom grapple with mental illness and alcohol or drug dependence, blame themselves for their inability to surmount these barriers. In this qualitative research, we draw upon the perspectives of 99 incarcerated women to clarify how ideologies of individual choice promulgated in reentry pedagogy clash with contextual factors within rural communities to derail the reentry process. We also consider community reentry from Amartya Sen's capabilities framework and discuss how this model could inform needed interventions.     

清末民初妇女报刊视阈下的欧美镜像——以《神州女报》为个案研究

与辛亥革命时隔一年创刊的《神州女报》具有鲜明的政治色彩,它以力争女子参政为己任,仿效欧美导启女界政治,既集中体现了东西观念的冲突与交融,也充分反映了欧美女权思想观念对当时中国现实影响的复杂性和多样性。     

From Victim to Offender: The Effects of Male Initiated Violence on Women Arrested for Using Intimate Partner Violence

A number of theorists posit that most women who are arrested for using violence against their intimate partners are in-fact victims of IPV themselves and should be treated as such. However, in this population of women IPV arrestees empirical investigation has yet to explore how physical and emotional victimization experiences are associated with arrest related factors, propensity to be abusive or attitude toward using relationship violence. The current study explores these factors finding no difference in arrest factors between women who (a) deny abuse, (b) report rare/occasional abuse and (c) report frequent/very frequent abuse. However, mixed results were found with regard to participants’ responses on scales measuring propensity to be abusive and attitudes about using violence in marriage. Theoretical and practical related issues are addressed.     

矿难丧偶女性生活图景之窥探——基于山西X村妇女的叙述分析

矿难丧偶女性是一个鲜为社会关注的群体。文章以山西某个村落为田野展开研究,凭籍于当事人口述和作者转述的方式铺陈了三位丧偶女性的生命故事,从而通过拓展个案的方法揭示出,在现代科学理性、传统文化、资本市场和父权制的合谋之下,矿难丧偶女性被撕裂与抗争的身体、被规训与形塑的婚姻及其被污名与排斥的命运。     

亚太妇女跨国迁移及其性产业与公共治理——菲律宾NGO的社会行动探析

20世纪90年代以来,亚太地区的人口迁移与性产业相互推动,促使越来越多的女性移民卷入性产业。如今,性产业的蔓延与繁荣已经成为亚太地区社会经济发展面临的一个严重问题,引起各国政府与相关非政府组织的极大关注。因此,治理性产业的法律与公共政策也成为亚太地区国家与公民社会讨论的重要内容。本文以菲律宾妇女海外性工作者与菲律宾NGO的社会行动为例,探讨发展中国家的妇女移民在跨国迁移中的角色、地位与社会、性别危机,以及公民社会参与性产业的社会治理行动与策略。     

Gender quotas,candidate background and the election of women: A paradox of gender quotas in open-list proportional representation systems

We study the effects of mandatory (legislated) gender quotas in Poland, a country utilising an open-list proportional representation electoral system. We use a unique data set comprising multiple characteristics of all candidates running in two consecutive elections to the lower chamber of the Polish parliament (the Sejm). The first of them (held in 2007) was the last pre-quota election and the second (held in 2011) the first post-quota one. We show that quotas have an inherently paradoxical nature: they cause a substantial increase in the number of female candidates but the increase is accompanied by a sharp decline in women's electoral performance. This regularity holds even if we account for multiple indicators of candidate background, including previous political experience.