国民性格的改造与重建--20世纪文学主题综论

国民性格的改造与重建作为20世纪中国文学一个最重要的思想主题,既包含了对特定社会历史条件下人性扭曲病因的反思追问,又包含了对人性健康发展的祈盼和对理想国民性格的重建,由此衍生出现当代小说揭示批判国民劣根性与发掘颂赞民族性格优良美质的两种思想意向.     

建设21世纪的中国先进文化

建设中国的先进文化,必须遵循中国文化乃至世界文化的规律,坚持民族性、科学性和大众性,体现“三个面向”的要求,清除中国传统文化的糟粕,继承和发扬中国文化的优良传统,正确借鉴和吸收世界文化的优秀成果,创建与我国社会主义现代化建设相适应的文化理念。     

Web 2.0, wikis, and the IP Community

Legal context: The emergence of new web-based programs being used in the fieldsof patent applications and IP legal information has opened upa range of new opportunities for IP-related legal processesand knowledge sharing. Key points: This article explains the background to Web 2.0 applicationsand explores the potential for the use of wikis in various areasof IP. It notes the limitations, as well as the possibilities,of wikis and explains how they work in practice. It outlinesthree recent examples of wikis in the IP world, explaining howthey work and the significance of their overall objectives. Practical significance: The adoption of this technology by official bodies suggestswider future use and the appearance of unofficial sites showsthat current developments have already reached a stage wheremany IP practitioners can begin to interact and share knowledgein a way that has not been considered previously. It is conceivablethat developments in this area will be rapid and it is in theinterests of users to familiarize themselves with the use ofthis new ‘social software’.     

20世纪初期俄国远东地区对中国东北农畜产品的需求

20世纪初期,俄国远东地区人口继续增加,对农畜产品的需要量亦持续增长。但由于该地区农牧业落后,其产品远远不能满足需要,于是,中国东北便成为俄国远东地区获得所缺农畜产品的主要来源之一。中国东北农畜产品的大量出口,一方面满足了俄国远东地区对粮食和肉类的需要,支持了该地区农产品加工业的发展;另一方面,对中国东北农牧业及农畜产品商品化的发展也起了较大的促进作用。     

新世纪新常态下的统一战线建设

本文从新世纪新常态下的统一战线与过去历次统一战线不同之处入手,分析叙述其关涉性、动力性等特点,进而以创新为主线,叙述其建设须进行的创新的主要内容。对关系、社风、队伍、理论、对象质、海峡两岸互动等一系列统战构成进行创新方面的论述,提出新世纪新阶段统一战线应为中华民族发展统一战线的主张。     

‘Criminal families’ and the court: co-offending in Amsterdam, 1897–1902

This article focuses on a specific aspect of the history of crime: co-offending (offending with one or more accomplices) in a family setting at the end of the nineteenth century. The aims of this article are to analyze how genders interacted in a criminal setting and to show a possible bias in the court's decision to prosecute ‘criminal families’, either in relation to the people involved or to the environment in which the crime was committed. This article also questions the relevance of the concept of the civilizing mission in a court setting towards ‘criminal families’ and compares it with the reality of the court's work. The study is based on the archives of Amsterdam's Arrondissementsgerecht between 1897 and 1902. This court was in charge of trying criminal offences committed in Amsterdam and its surrounding area (a semi-urban environment within a 25-kilometre radius) according to the 1886 Dutch code of laws. Urban and semi-urban co-offending criminal rates in Amsterdam and its surrounding area are compared, as well as gender patterns and class origins in relation to the crimes committed, in order to highlight a possible prejudice towards working-class offenders. The analysis reveals a high rate of co-offending in female criminality and more gender interactions in the urban environment. However, the results also show that, despite a general anxiety towards working-class families and rising crime rates, magistrates were not more inclined to prosecute them. The family situation was taken into account before trials, and semi-urban families were not treated more leniently than urban families.     

Mortality under and after sentence of male convicts transported to Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania), 1840–1852

This article reports on mortality in a cohort of 7084 English, Irish and Scottish-born convict men who were transported on 30 ships to Tasmania between 1840 and 1852. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study of convict mortality that systematically traces the mortality of convicts after emancipation as well as under sentence. This pilot study investigates the relationship between pre-transportation characteristics, convict discipline, reactions to convict discipline, and mortality under and after sentence of the male convict population. The convict men were various in their origins but shared the experience of penal servitude under the gaze of a paper panopticon. Controlling for other factors, the authors find that the convicts were more likely to die under sentence if they were born in Scotland, London or an industrial-urban area; if they exhibited disturbed mental behaviour under sentence, such as tearing their clothes; or if they had more time in solitary confinement or more accumulated insults of their mind and body. For those who survived sentence, mortality was higher for those born in an industrial-urban area, those who had more alcohol-related offences under sentence, those with more time in solitary confinement under sentence, and those who were violent or threatened violence while under sentence.     

可持续发展:21世纪中国发展战略的必然选择

1996年我国正式把可持续发展作为国家的基本发展战略。对于21世纪中国可持续发展战略研究的设计,在原基础上,独立地开创了第四个研究方向——系统学方向,并提出中国可持续发展战略的总体目标、三大实施要点及宏观监控手段。     

新世纪统一战线的地位和作用

新世纪统一战线在党的工作全局中的地位和作用非常重要 ,主要体现为 :统一战线是广泛团结、凝聚人心、完成新世纪总任务的基本保证 ;是多党合作、协调关系、加强民主政治建设的有效形式 ;是维护社会稳定的积极力量 ;是促进和平统一的桥梁纽带。对此要有深入的理解与把握 ,才能做好新世纪的统一战线工作