Visualising the past – An evaluation of processes and sequences for fingermark recovery from old documents

This study aimed to collect data on the effectiveness of most of the fingermark visualisation reagents currently used on porous surfaces on fingermarks aged for up to 90?years, significantly extending the timescales for which such information exists. A limited subset of the variables associated with processing of old fingermarks was explored, with a focus on the use of 1,8 diazafluoren-9-one (DFO), 1,2-indandione, ninhydrin, and physical developer. These techniques were used in sequence on batches of cheques between 11 and 32?years old, and on documents dating from the 1920s and 1940s. The potential for applying a physical developer enhancement process (blue toning) as the final step in the sequence was also explored. The benefits of using processing sequences on porous items were clearly demonstrated, with all processes in the sequence adding value in terms of additional marks found on the cheques up to 32?years old. In addition, physical developer was found to be capable of developing fingermarks up to 90?years old, whereas the amino acid reagents appear less effective on documents of 70?years and older. An experimental physical developer formulation with reduced environmental impact was found to be as effective as the existing process in these experiments. Blue toning was found to visualise an additional 10–25% of marks, and its wider use after silver-based deposition processes is recommended based on the evidence from this study.     

Old people in Polish cities in the late eighteenth century

The issue of old age as a period in life of a person in the cities of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was not widely discussed in historic literature of the past. This was due, to a large extent, to the beliefs of the researchers regarding the difficulty in capturing this phenomenon in light of rather Modest statistical sources. This study is, therefore, an attempt to scrutinise the mechanisms behind the functioning of city communities in the territories of central Poland in the late-feudal age on a basic level - the level of the smallest social unit and its economic base, i.e. the household, based on handwritten civil-military censuses from 1791-1792. The author is interested in the living situation of old people, their sizes and gender proportions in cities varying in size: from small to large ones in the second half of the 18th century. The article presents the dependencies between the age and position of men and women in the household and the proportions of old people being heads of households. Using the typology by Peter Laslett a model of a household ran by old people was shown against the background of a general structure of households in cities. The last part of the text concerns the size of households ran by old people, taking into account the social status, and their position within the family. The analysis of the censuses does not allow to determine any clear difference of living through old age in Polish cities in the 18th century in comparison to the regions which are attributed a ’unique’ model of European forms of family. The structural similarity of old age seen in Polish cities is closer to the model observed in cities of western than of eastern Europe.     

论新兴工业与现代服务业融合发展在东北地区产业结构中的战略意义

在调整东北老工业基地产业结构中,有人认为工业是东北的特色,应该扬长避短。几次调整后,东北地区产业结构中的服务业仍然低于全国的平均值。根据国际和国内一些政治经济核心城市发展的规律,现代服务业与新型工业的发展如影随形,已经形成互动机制,现代服务业与新型工业是融合发展的关系。这也是新一轮经济发展的特点,东北地区经济发展应该顺应这种趋势。     

刑事古典学派的意志自由学说与刑罚本质理论

刑事古典学派有两种类型,即旧派相对主义和旧派绝对主义.前者可以贝卡利亚为代表,其功利主义的意志自由理论是建立在经验论基础之上的,在刑罚本质问题上达到了功利主义与报应刑主义的统一;后者可以黑格尔为代表,其意志自由理论则以唯理论为基础,将具有自我意识的成人的意志自由作为犯罪与责任能力的基础,没有割裂刑罚报应中的道德评价与法律评价.     

Analysis of an ancestry using cremated old human remains from the Korean War victims

Analysis of DNA from burnt bone fragment is the very hard work for the human identification in forensic casework. In general, cremated bone with an artificial damage is more difficult to get an intact DNA than a singed one because of the chemical and biological drastic changes such as protein denaturation and destruction. In this study, we pursue the best technical approach for the minimal damage and the contamination of DNA from other factors in the preconditioning and the extraction process based on over 70 years old Korean War victim skeletal that was burnt and buried in Korean Peninsula. First of all, we removed the pollutant and the dust from the burnt bones using dental instruments, and then incubated with EDTA buffer at 25 ℃ to remove inhibitors such as calcium and mineral. In order to compare the DNA preservation ability between a pellet and a supernatant, samples are repeatedly tested to collect washed EDTA buffer several times to separate. Each of isolated materials is secondly cleaned with the organic extraction method using phenol and analyzed mtDNA sequence with the in-house method for the ancestry assay. The better discrimination ability was appeared in the supernatant than the pellet. Nevertheless, many of the forensic geneticists use a powdering method for getting more DNA, we applied EDTA buffer in the preconditioning step to eliminate every contamination. As a result, the contamination factor was efficiently removed and the ancestry was estimated as per the written information. Consequently, cremated bone is identified to belong in the D4 mtDNA haplogroup which is commonly reported in ethnic groups in Asia especially Korea. This is a preliminary study of a human identification over an ancestry analysis to give information against a mass disaster in a future. Through a higher process optimization and better analytical methods toward more remains, which are genetically difficult to analyze, will support to examine the identity of the post cremated remains.     

Conduit or contributor? The role of media in policy change theory

The policy change literature is contradictory about the role the media plays in policy change: a conduit for policy participants, with media accounts transmitting multiple policy beliefs of those involved in policy debates or a contributor in the policy process, with media accounts supplying consistent policy beliefs with congruent narrative framing strategies to construct a policy story. The purpose of this study is to empirically test whether the role of the media is that of a conduit or contributor in the policy change process. This study tests whether there are differences in policy beliefs and narrative framing strategies between local and national print media coverage of two contentious policy issues in the Greater Yellowstone Area between 1986 and 2006, that of snowmobile access and wolf reintroduction. In the Greater Yellowstone Area policy arena, local media accounts are believed to be aligned with the Old West Advocacy Coalition, whereas the national media accounts are thought to be part of the New West Advocacy Coalition. With a methodology informed by narrative policy analysis, one hundred seventy five local and national print newspaper accounts were content analyzed to determine whether these media accounts were policy narratives, with embedded policy beliefs and narrative framing strategies. The results indicate that there are statistical differences between local and national media coverage for five of the seven hypotheses. Media accounts are generally policy stories, suggesting that the media’s role is more of a contributor than a conduit in the policy change process.

中俄区域经济合作路径探析

中俄区域经济合作始终是两国政府、学术界和实业界关注的热点问题之一。虽然近几年中俄区域经济合作得到较快发展,但总体上滞后于经济全球化和区域经济一体化的发展趋势,特别是与两国经济实力和发展潜力不相称。因此,如何继续推进和深化中俄区域经济合作,现已成为两国政府面临的共同任务。随着中国西部大开发、东北老工业基地的振兴和俄罗斯西伯利亚与远东开发战略的实施,中俄区域经济合作迎来了一个新的战略发展时期。     

沈家本在清末修律中的思想解析

沈家本是清末的著名法学家,修律大臣,清末礼法之争法理派的代表。在清末修律的争论中,沈家本系统地阐释了自己具有资产阶级启蒙意义的法律思想。其核心即学习借鉴西方资产阶级启蒙思想家的法学思想,以改造中国传统的以礼为纲的法律体系,主张法治、法律面前人人平等、人道主义、民刑分立、司法独立、改良监狱、建立陪审员和律师制度、对少年犯实行惩治教育、大力实行法学教育培养法律人才等,对中国法学的近代转型产生了巨大的影响。     

东北老工业基地调整改造中黑龙江深化国企改革的问题

东北老工业基地调整改造是中央新的战略决策。黑龙江国有大中型企业要抓住这一良好的机遇,解放思想,深化改革,实现黑龙江老工业基地的振兴。     

欲望表征的缺失——对《老人与海》的一种拉康式解读

对《老人与海》的一种拉康式的解读揭示出海明威无意识欲望所体现的无法满足的缺失,这种缺失表征在老人/海明威对“王者”地位、博爱的宗教观、完美女性的渴望中。这三方面的缺失通过开放性的能指交汇重叠,构建了海明威基本的人生观,其无意识欲望表征的缺失就是《老人与海》的所指。这是对《老人与海》作“重压下的风度”或“没有女人的男人”的传统僵化解读的一种颠覆。