State terror in the Philippines: the Alston Report,human rights and counter-insurgency under the Arroyo administration

The human rights agenda of the United Nations has faltered over recent years. An examination of conditions in a country such as the Philippines highlights some of the reasons. The appallingly high number of political killings in that country was investigated by Philip Alston, UN Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary Executions, early in 2007. Following a well-defined process of review, he spent a short but difficult time examining the situation. His report condemned repressive elements of the Philippine state and directed specific criticisms at the armed forces, noting the omnipresent role of counter-insurgency. He found that a culture of impunity prevailed within the military and that the Arroyo administration had not done enough to address the problem or to protect the rights of its citizens. Alston's visit provided an insight into both the Philippine government's inadequate human rights record and the failure of UN mechanisms established to redress such poor performance.     

Ashes from the phoenix: state terrorism and the party-list groups in the Philippines

An ongoing theme in Filipino history has been the exclusion of the left from electoral politics. Something that may provide an aperture facilitating left-wing participation are the provisions of the 1987 Constitution providing for the election, based on proportional representation, of representatives from traditionally marginalized sectors of society. Since the implementation of these provisions, six party-list groups have become the visible face of the left in Philippine politics. However, since 2001, the Philippines have experienced a wave of assassinations targeting leftists. These killings, an emulation of the Phoenix Program implemented by the United States in Vietnam, are designed to destroy organizations used as ‘fronts’ by the Communist Party of the Philippines and the progressive party-list groups have been specifically targeted. These killings, and the fear they generate, are an example of state terrorism and, eventually, will prove themselves to be flawed counterinsurgency doctrine because, by precluding left-wing participation in electoral politics, they force the left into armed opposition.     

菲律宾对东盟政策中的美国因素

在菲律宾对外政策中,对美国和对东盟的政策是其中最重要的两大组成部分.这其中,美国对菲律宾东盟政策的影响是巨大的.本文考察了菲律宾建国以来,在其制定和实施对东南亚(东盟成立前)/东盟政策时,美国所起的巨大作用以及同时期的菲美关系.     

从菲律宾的劳务输出看中新劳务合作

改革开放以来,中新劳务合作取得了一定的成绩。近年来,中新劳务合作出现一些矛盾与纠纷。如何保住我国劳动力在新加坡劳务市场上的地位,进一步扩大我国对外劳务输出规模?菲律宾作为世界上劳务输出的大国,其独特的劳务政策值得我们借鉴。     

2OO3年菲律宾经济述评

本文回顾了2003年菲律宾经济的增长状况,同时也从经济、政治和社会方面分析了它们对该年菲律宾经济增长的影响。     

Why the Philippines Chooses to Import Rice

Embedded in the debate in the Philippines over food security and food sovereignty are three conventional reasons why the country is a longstanding rice importer: geography, exploitative international policy pressure predicated on the dictates of neoliberalism, and colonial history. This paper argues that these conventional reasons share two limitations. First, they attribute mono-causal reasons for perennial rice imports, either in the form of geography, exogenous power, or history. While these perspectives are not wrong, each on its own is inadequate. Multiple, contributing factors have and will continue to abound. Second, each of these arguments limits Filipinos' agency. Through a four-part argument, I show how Filipinos have had more say in the reasons for serial rice imports than these conventional accounts allow.     

试析菲律宾和新加坡的“多官方语言”现象及语言政策

菲律宾和新加坡历史上曾经分别是美、英两国的殖民地,所以英语在这两个国家得到了一定的发展与传播。美、英的殖民统治结束后,因为各种原因,英语在菲律宾和新加坡的政府机关和上层社会仍然被继续使用。目前在宪法中明确规定使用英语和民族共同语作为官方语言的东南亚国家只有菲律宾和新加坡。本文分析菲律宾和新加坡的“多官方语言”的现象,并解释了造成其语言现状的历史原因,比较了其语言政策的相同之处。     

Street Foods: Traditional Microenterprise in a Modernizing World

Action-research projects focused on poor women both collect information and design interventions to improve their livelihood. This approach is illustrated by studying street food vendors in Iloilo, Philippines. Findings document the importance of street foods as a source of income and of food. Interventions to improve both safe food handling and income were proposed and tested in Iloilo and Manila; a revisit after a decade shows their long-term impact on the vendors. Overall, this and six other studies comprising the street food project influenced policy changes by municipal, national, and international agencies and organizations. The conclusions challenge theoretical assumptions held by economists concerning the informal sector and by feminists regarding the family.     

艾滋病立法与国际人权保障

国际社会已经达成共识,认为有效地控制艾滋病与人权保障之间存在着密切关系,而法律则是实现防治艾滋病的一个重要手段。因此,现实和未来都要求各国通过以保障人权为核心的相关立法,充分保护艾滋病病人和艾滋病病毒感染者的各项基本权利,切实调动社会各方面的积极因素来战胜艾滋病,最终维护人类的共同利益,实现社会的可持续发展。对此,在国际人权法的框架下,结合艾滋病的流行特点,国际社会和许多国家近年来制订了不少准则和法律,以阻止艾滋病的进一步传播。     

20世纪80年代之前菲律宾的政治文化发展研究

本文以广义的政治文化概念为基础,阐明菲律宾在20世纪80年代之前各个时期的政治文化的形成,重点对被殖民占领之后的菲律宾政治文化的演变加以分析定论:只有正视本地政治传统和宗教、社会结构、殖民遗产等各种力量的存在并善加利用,菲律宾才有可能避免并结束独裁和冲突的政治局面,探索出一条适合本国国情的民主政治发展道路。