新时代思想政治工作面临的新课题及对策措施

新时代思想政治工作面临的新情况和新课题,主要表现在西方文化两面性的不断渗透、市场经济两重性的巨大影响、现代网络双重效应的不断显现、＂四个多样化＂给人们思想行为带来了新变化这四个方面。为此,必须明确新时代思想政治工作的三大战略性新任务：大力推动经济社会＂又好又快＂地科学发展、把党的政治优势转化为科学发展优势、把社会主义核心价值体系融入思想教育与文化建设的全过程。加强和改进新时代的思想政治工作,必须坚持思想政治工作的正确原则,严格遵循做好思想政治工作的行为准则;必须努力掌握思想政治工作的科学方法,不断提高思想政治工作的有效性;必须改进党对思想政治工作的领导和管理,建设一支坚强的政工队伍。     

当代韩国政党政治民主化的变迁特征——以卡特尔政党理论为分析视角

1995年,欧洲学者凯茨和麦尔首先提出卡特尔政党的概念,同时总结了卡特尔政党在国家与社会中的地位转变所衍生出的特质。本文从政党与国家之间的联络、政党竞争环境和政党与市民社会之间的关系等几方面探讨韩国政党政治的一般情况。作者认为,卡特尔政党虽倡导民主与自由竞争,但实则关注操控权力的运用,此种情况无助于韩国政党的民主化进程。因此相关的制度设计是防止卡特尔政党对民主政治产生负面影响的必要措施。     

从FEC面临的问题看美国选举制度的内在矛盾

FEC系美国依法专司联邦选举有关事务的机构.它自身所遇到和披露的美国选举政治中的种种矛盾和棘手问题表明,作为美国所谓民主政治重要构成内容的选举制度,严重地为选举规则、金钱政治、党派斗争、利用集团操控、竞选资金滥用等所困扰.了解和分析这些矛盾与问题,有助于我们从一个特定的角度,较为深入具体地认识美国资本主义政治的本质和特点.     

Political Efficacy und Wahlbeteiligung in Ost‐ und Westdeutschland

Es wird die Frage untersucht, ob in Ostdeutschland die Beteiligung an den Bundestagswahlen unter anderem deswegen geringer ist als in Westdeutschland, weil ostdeutsche Wähler weniger davon überzeugt sind, mittels der Beteiligung an politischen Wahlen persönlich die Politik beeinflussen zu können. Die empirischen Analysen erfolgen mit Querschnittdaten des ALLBUS 1998. Sie zeigen, dass sich die Einflusserwartungen in Ost und Westdeutschland nur zufällig voneinander unterscheiden. Daher können die Einflusserwartungen nicht das entscheidende Kriterium für die unterschiedlichen Wahlbeteiligungen sein. Von Bedeutung für die Stärke der Einflusserwartungen sind persönliche Überzeugungen über eigene politische Kompetenzen und Reaktivität des politischen Systems, deren Einflüsse bei den Ostdeutschen grösser sind als bei den Westdeutschen.     

大学新生思想政治工作探析

本论文针对新时期大学新生的新变化，从大学新生面临着转变学习方式、生活方式中出现的问题以及构建和谐校园的意义方面，阐述了思想政治工作的重要性。在分析大学新生思想政治工作的创新性、复杂性、多层次性基础上，提出了加强大学新生思想政治教育的具体对策。     

Publication Output of Swiss Political Science Departments

This article compares the scientific publication output and international academic visibility of Swiss political science departments, using three indicators (number of publications, number of citations, and the h‐index) and publicly available data from two sources: the ISI Web of Knowledge and Google Scholar. We also examine whether the publication output of political science professors and postdoctoral researchers in Switzerland varies as a function of academic age. We observe rather strong variations both across and within departments. The analysis also shows that the most prolific professors tend to be those who completed their Ph.D. about 10–20 years ago and that some postdocs are on a very promising publications trajectory. We derive some benchmarks for publication output that might be useful for hiring decisions or promotions.     

The political consequences of uninformed voters

Americans fail to meet the democratic ideal of an informed electorate, and the consequences of this political ignorance are a topic of significant scholarly debate. In two independent settings, we experimentally test the effect of political information on citizens' attitudes toward the major parties in the U.S. When uninformed citizens receive political information, they systematically shift their political preferences away from the Republican Party and toward the Democrats. A lack of knowledge on the policy positions of the parties significantly hinders the ability of low-socioeconomic-status citizens to translate their preferences into partisan opinions and vote choices. As a result, American public opinion—and potentially election results and public policy as a result—is significantly different from the counterfactual world in which all voters are informed.     

“无组织化时代”的政党组织建设

网络技术发展赋予社会成员自建群体、共同行动的能力,其对政党政治的直接影响是与网络伴生的新型政党组织以诉求清晰、机制灵活等特点在各国选举中表现突出。与此同时,传统政党组织成员流失、诉求杂糅、机构僵化等问题日渐凸显。然而新型网络化政党与生俱来的泡沫化风险高、中心议题的反对性等特征对其在现有政治体制中发挥作用的持续性、深入性又有所制约。因此,在可预见的未来,传统政党与新型政党的组织建设势必将在竞争中取长补短,并呈现出明显的时代特征。     

The dark side of proportionality: Conditional effects of proportional features on turnout

Past research analysing the positive effects of proportional systems on electoral participation has focused on dimensions such as quality of representation, mobilisation, competitiveness, and efficacy. However, the potential consequences of higher complexity and difficulties for accountability on proportional systems are not well known. We show that proportional features capturing complexity and dispersion of power can increase the participatory gap between citizens with high and low education and interest in politics, usually by depressing turnout among the less educated and interested. The implications of adopting proportional rules that result in complex and divided forms of government in an era of increasingly disengaged citizens are discussed.