论高教法治与大学自治

高教法治在我国已初步确立,是行政法治在高教领域的具体体现。而大学自治是保护学术自由的重要机制,在此机制下,大学可以在与学术自由相关的范围内行使相应的学术权力和行政权力。高教法治对大学自治有着保障和规范作用。     

论个人收入差距与政府协调对策

我国经济转型期出现的个人收入差距扩大的现象日益引人关注,成为社会主义市场经济深入发展的热点问题。“十一五”规划把缩小收入差距放在经济社会发展更加突出的位置。缩小个人收入差距,是构建社会主义和谐社会和全面建设小康社会的艰巨任务,也是政府协调社会经济利益关系面临的新课题。本文在对个人收入差距现状分析的基础上,提出政府实施协调职能的对策。     

中国区域产业协同发展与《区域产业结构调控法》的制定

区域产业结构趋同是我国区域经济发展中的一个重要问题。这种趋同的根本原因是区域主导产业的选择和布局不是建立在资源禀赋和比较优势上,而是基于地方政府和官员的价值目标和地方利益。区域产业结构的同化,一方面使得各区域产业缺乏规模效益,加剧市场的恶性竞争,另一方面又使得本已匮乏的资源进一步恶化,激化了人与资源的矛盾,阻碍了我国经济进一步协调发展。中央政府先后出台了一系列产业调控与协调发展的政策,旨在扭转失衡的区域产业结构,但效果并不明显。本文分析了我国区域产业结构趋同的深层次原因,认为要从根本上解决这一问题,不仅要制定一系列调控区域产业结构的政策,更应适时地使一部分成熟的政策上升为法律,并在对我国区域产业实证分析的基础上,就制定《区域产业结构调控法》的重要性、调整对象、基本原则、主要内容提出了看法。     

政府效能、腐败规制对营商环境的优化效应研究——来自跨国面板数据的经验证据

本文基于2010-2014年跨国面板数据来考察政府效能、腐败规制对营商环境的优化效应,为改善我国的营商环境提供了跨国的经验证据。通过运用双向固定效应模型进行评估发现:(1)一国政府效能的提高与腐败规制强度的增加能够显著地改善营商环境,且交互效应结果显示,二者之间是相互促进的。(2)进一步的分组回归发现,高收入国家由于"先发"优势,政府效能的改善与腐败规制强度增加对营商环境改善更加明显,与中低收入国家之间呈现差序格局。基于以上结果,本研究建议:政府应该提高政府效能,打通服务工作的"最后一毫米",在降低市场主体的营商成本过程中提升其获得感;加强反腐败的力度,提高政府质量与制度供给的质量;加强智库建设,为政府效能改善与腐败规制强化提供智力支持。     

Culture and Consumerism: Citizenship, Public Service Broadcasting and the BBC's Fair Trading Obligations

The authors examine the future of public service broadcasting in the context of current debates about, and commercial pressures on, the BBC. They describe the European Community constraints on public service broadcasting and the need for a clearer definition of such broadcasting, noting that such a definition is not currently provided in UK law. The BBC is also under increasing pressure from fair trading rules derived from competition law, some of which may weaken its ability to deliver its public service mission. Original research undertaken within the BBC suggests that external and internal pressures have undermined the conditions for a distinctive public service output, although there remains the basis for such an output within the culture of programme-making. The authors develop theoretical bases for a redefinition of public service broadcasting centred on the principles of citizenship, universality and quality in relation to services and output, and examine the implications for the structure of channels in the digital era. Finally, the authors discuss the legal and regulatory implications of their analysis in the context of the Government's Communications White Paper, arguing that the social and cultural purposes of public service broadcasting must not be made subordinate to competition-based concerns.     

农村经济产业化模式下土地流转法律规制研究

自从实行家庭联产承包责任制以来,农民生产积极性的提高已经极大地促进了农村生产力的发展,农村土地流转成为农村村民间进行交易的一种常态,成为一种经济形式,<农村土地承包法>、<物权法>等法律的实施,为调整农村土地流转关系提供了充分的法律依据.但是随着农民专业合作社的实施和发展,我国农业生产产业化进程的加快,农业市场化、国际...     

Regulation by litigation

We believe that careful application of the logic of economics and public choice shines important light on regulation through litigation and can explain at least partly why regulators choose the litigation route, when they choose it, and how the choice may or may not achieve broad goals of efficiency and fairness. We present three case studies: heavy‐duty diesel engines, silica and asbestos, and the tobacco industry's Master Settlement Agreement (MSA).     

政府规制的“成本—收益分析”:作用、内涵及其规制效应评估

本文回顾了对成本收益分析的争议,对规制成本、规制收益的内涵进行了探讨,并就其中影响规制成本和收益构成的主要因素作了重点分析;随后,对影响净收益的基线的选择,折旧率大小的确定进行了阐述。本文还介绍了一般均衡分析和局部均衡分析在评估规制效应中的适用情况,并强调指出应高度关注规制动态性和激励性规制在规制效应分析中的作用。文章最后认为,应逐步引入成本—收益的规制分析理念,提高政府规制有效性;高度重视因成本收益不平衡分布引发的问题;积极采取措施,降低因规制引发的复杂性程度。     

The Judicial Role in Defining National Security and Access to Information in South Africa

This article argues that judicial and other institutions concerned with legal interpretation are playing an increasing role in regulating and defining the concept of national security for South Africa, particularly in the realm of national security information. Part I surveys the post-apartheid evolution of accountability of South Africa’s national security agencies with particular attention to the treatment of national security information. Starting from a low base, intelligence agencies in South Africa have become more accountable, in part through the greater degree of access to national security information. Part II portrays the placement of access to national security information within South Africa’s legislative framework, taking into account the keys laws underpinning both secrecy and disclosure regulation. Here, with no definition of national security on the secrecy side, it is on the disclosure side of South Africa’s legislative framework that the judiciary and other legal actors are crafting an operative definition of national security. Part III covers three recent developments, arguing that they demonstrate the increasingly important regulatory role played by the judiciary and other legal institutions. These include two key Constitutional Court decisions and an ongoing legislative reform effort.     

Jurisdiction problems regarding Internet torts: Critical remarks

As the facts that led to the Dow Jones/Gutnick-decision of the High Court of Australia (10 December 2002) illustrate, the Internet is a powerful platform for communication. Its continuous worldwide accessibility urges discussion of a number of questions regarding tort jurisdiction. These are the starting points for some critical remarks regarding states' reciprocal claims to cross-border activities and the way in which they deal with the interests of the involved parties. For tort jurisdiction, the paper proposes and applies criteria for the assessment of the place where the harmful event has occurred or may occur (art. 5, subsection 3 Regulation 44/2001), as explained by the European Court of Justice of the European Union. Special attention is hereby given to some particularities that characterize Internet torts. On the one hand it concerns the alleged global assignment of jurisdiction that art. 5, subsection 3 may lead to and on the other hand the scope of the assigned jurisdiction in the court of the place where the damage occurs. The European approach is confronted with the principles of personal jurisdiction that are embedded in long arm statutes and the Due Process Clause, as applied in some leading American cases regarding Internet jurisdiction. It leads to suggestions regarding the development of a marginal test for the reasonableness of the jurisdiction art. 5, subsection 3 could lead to in a particular case, as well from the point of view of the weight of the connecting factor as to the scope of the jurisdiction that is based upon it.