成文宪法中的宗教内容比较研究

宗教信仰自由权是世界范围内各成文宪法保护的重要内容。与其他人权的宪法保护不同,宗教信仰自由权在各国宪法中具有扩散性保护特征。只有综合考量宪法规范中的宗教内容,才能准确理解宗教信仰自由权的宪法规范保护。通过在各成文宪法中查找与宗教相关的关键词,可以发现宗教信仰自由权成文宪法保护具有普遍性。以宗教信仰自由权为核心,辅之以政教关系的相关规定,构成了宗教问题宪法保护的基本框架。从内容上看,成文宪法保护的宗教信仰自由权具有内容的绝对性与相对性相统一、主体自主选择与结社自由相结合的特点;从属性上看,宗教信仰自由权具有入世性与政治性并存的特征。     

论《物权法》第37条规定的“损害赔偿”之地位

从文义而言,《物权法》第37条规定的“损害赔偿’’与《侵权责任法》规定的“损害赔偿”之间可有“竞合”与非“竞合”两种关系。其实应为后者。主要理由是：（1）“最高人民法院物权法研究小组”明确承认这一立场,“全国人大常委会民法室”似乎也坚持这一立场;（2）《物权法》的立法资料基本表明《物权法》第37条规定的“损害赔偿”属侵权责任;（3）德国、台湾地区民法典均规定,“损害赔偿”请求权不为物权请求权而为“侵权行为”所包括;（4）与“竞合关系”相比,非“竞舍关系”,会产生更好的社会效果。     

中美构建新型大国关系在亚太起步

为打破崛起国与守成国必然走向对抗的历史魔咒,中美双方就"构建中关新型大国关系"达成共识。中美在亚太地区能否共处是构建中关新型大国关系能否实现的"试金石"。为突破中关在亚太地区的经济模式之争、安全理念之争、政治制度之争以及两国围绕地区热点问题的博弈,双方需要努力实现经济互补、安全互动、政治互尊并着力进行热点管控,通过在亚太地区的"试点",塑造在亚太地区构建中关新型大国关系的有效途径。     

审判权与审判管理权、审判监督权的关系重塑

合理构建审判权与审判管理权、审判监督权的关系,是审判权运行机制改革的关键问题。欲使这三种权力形成合理关系,需要根据审判权运行存在的问题,在客观评价法院科层化组织结构与法院内部复合化权力构造以及院、庭长职权配置的基础上,从制度层面严格区分法院组织的行政逻辑与司法逻辑,进一步明确审判管理权与审判监督权的权限定位,完善其职权范围与行权程序,并构建审判权反向制约审判管理权与审判监督权的相关机制。唯有如此,才可能构建出合理的审判权与审判管理权、审判监督权的关系。     

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms,Relationship Adjustment,and Relationship Aggression in a Sample of Female Flood Victims

This study tested a model examining the interrelationships among posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, intimate relationship adjustment, and intimate relationship aggression in a sample of 205 adult female flood victims. At the bivariate level, higher PTSD symptoms were associated with higher physical and psychological aggression victimization, poorer relationship adjustment, and higher physical and psychological aggression perpetration. Results from structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses indicated that relationship aggression victimization influenced aggression perpetration directly, and in the case of physical aggression, indirectly through its relationship with PTSD symptoms and relationship adjustment. The influence of PTSD symptoms on physical aggression perpetration was fully explained by poorer relationship adjustment. These findings extend prior work from other traumatized populations documenting associations between variables reflecting PTSD symptomatology and indices of relationship functioning, and indicate a need for further investigation in this area of inquiry. This research was supported in part by a grant to Patricia A. Resick from the National Institute of Mental Health (1-R01-MH55542).     

Hands-on Killing of Intimate Partners as a Function of Sex and Relationship Status/State

Guided by evolutionary psychology and a situational perspective on violence, we generated three hypotheses to investigate whether the percentage of intimate partner homicides by beating, a hands-on homicide method, varies with the victim-offender relationship. We tested these hypotheses with a national database that includes incident-level information on over 50,000 intimate partner homicides. Results indicate that: (1) men are more likely than women to kill a partner by beating, and (2) men are more likely to kill their partners by beating when the relationship is dating or non-marital cohabiting (versus legal marriage). We argue that the lack of commitment in these non-marital relationships may produce greater jealousy in men, driving the perpetrator to kill his victim in a more violent manner (i.e., beating), relative to men who kill their wives.     

从系统论视角剖析情报分析研判系统

情报分析研判本身自成系统包括元素、结构、环境、功能四大要素。从系统论视角对情报分析研判加以全面剖析,这有助于增进情报研判人员对情报分析研判的透彻性认识,以推动情报分析研判工作的规范化和有序化。     

地方财政自主的法治保障

地方财政自主权力的外延包括财政预算自主、财政收入自主、财政支出自主和财政监督自主四个方面,其理论基础源于地方分权自治、财政联邦主义和辅助原则。中国地方财政自主法治保障的制度构建,在财政预算自主方面,需要在对地方政府预算权进行法治化控制的同时,保障地方政府的预算编制独立性;在财政收入自主方面,必须对税种进行合理划分,追求税收共享的法定化,并在强化预算约束的前提下,赋予地方政府一定的公债发行权;在财政支出自主方面,应当在财政收支划分明确化和规范化的前提下,重视财政转移支付对财政自主的影响,关注财政支出自主可能引发的政府间财政竞争,通过法律制度来引导良性竞争,制止恶性竞争。     

从“不签字不手术”看“告知后同意法则”——对医患关系的再思考

"告知后同意法则"对现代医患关系之改善有根本性的影响,其旨在希望借助法律的医师说明义务,来加强医患间的沟通以增进患者对医师之信赖,尊重和维护患者的自主权,进而使医患关系趋向和谐。在实践中,我们既要注重法则自身的刚性,同时又必须依特殊的情形——危及生命安全适用其柔性,以避免患者掉入空虚的自主权。