博弈论视角下我国群体性事件及治理路径探讨

近年来我国群体性事件规模和数量均呈上升趋势。群体性事件的产生受多种因素的影响,并且有一定的社会根源。而群体性事件发生的整个过程实际上就是各参与主体的博弈过程。本文通过建立博弈模型,从理论上对参与主体进行分析,研究其利益诉求及其在博弈中的地位,以及不同形式下的博弈均衡,以期实现对群体性事件进行预防和有效治理。     

发展公私伙伴关系对中国政府管理的挑战及对策研究

公私伙伴关系是政府提供公共服务的重要方式。本文根据合作博弈与交易成本理论建立公私伙伴关系的分析框架,从提高政府讨价还价能力、减少公共部门和私人部门双方交易成本的角度,分析了发展公私伙伴关系在政府能力、制度建设、政府诚信、监管能力、危机管理和廉政建设方面给政府管理带来的挑战,并提出相应对策。     

金融危机以来蒙古国经济及中蒙经贸合作

自2008年以来,因遭受全球金融危机的冲击,特别是受国际市场矿产品价格波动的影响,蒙古国的经济严重下滑。2009年,蒙古经济呈现出上半年继续下滑,下半年小幅增长的趋势。中国作为蒙古第一大贸易伙伴国和第一大投资国,对蒙经贸合作依然保持着强劲的势头。为中蒙两国经贸关系的持续发展和确保中国对蒙经贸合作第一大国的地位,两国经济合作应该从数量到质量转变,从双边至多边扩展。     

Power,contribution and dependence in NATO burden sharing

This article offers three new types of variables for computation of the share that NATO countries should contribute to the common defence. I use Uppsala conflict data (UCDP) on conflict participation to reveal how the asymmetry in power that allows the US to define most of the framings on which NATO’s utility calculations are based, compensates for the greater material contribution made to NATO by the US. Then I follow Ringsmose’s model of NATO burden sharing and create two types of variables crucial to the calculation of burden sharing. One reveals the share of US military protection aimed at protecting its NATO allies. The other measures how much US global security efforts against tyranny and terror are dependent on NATO allies. These two variables are developed by means of computer-assisted discourse analysis of US Presidential Papers. The three new variables contribute to a more complex mathematical model on fair burden sharing, indicating at the same time that the imbalance between US and allied contributions is declining. If European allies have ever exploited the United States in the past, then at least the relationship has become more even during the past two decades.     

The Interaction Effects of Bargaining Power: The Interplay Between Veto Power,Asymmetric Interdependence,Reputation, and Audience Costs

In international relations, different rationalistic theories have developed to explain negotiators’ behavior and the outcomes of negotiations. The compatibility and interaction effects between the different forms of bargaining power, however, remain unexplored. In this article, I seek to fill this gap by connecting four rationalistic concepts of bargaining power: veto power, asymmetric interdependence, reputation, and audience costs. By showing that domestic veto players are only semiveto players in international politics – because they can veto an improvement but not a deterioration of the status quo – threats based on asymmetric interdependence to disrupt a mutually beneficial cooperative relationship can be connected to veto power; the incompatibility of the factors concerned would otherwise make this impossible. The combination of veto power and asymmetric interdependence, however, raises a theoretical question: Will rational actors ever approve a deterioration of the status quo? Theories of reputation and audience costs can help answer this question. According to these approaches, threatening parties suffer ex post costs when they back down from their own threats. This theoretical analysis sheds new light on how different forms of bargaining power interact with each other and also helps to address some of the theoretical inconsistencies of the original individual concepts. Finally, this analysis suggests some of the weaknesses of empirical studies that have neglected these interaction effects.     

解决农村公共产品供给困境的路径探讨

目前,解决农村公共产品的供给困境已成为农村发展的关键。鉴于农村公共产品主要还是由政府提供,在委托——代理的理论框架下,根据委托与代理之间的利益差别性以及个体追求利益最大化的理性导致集体行为非理性的理论预设,文章从多元利益博弈的角度,对政府（中央政府和地方政府）与农民在农村公共产品供给中基于各自的理性选择却导致非合作博弈的困局进行解读,并提出正和博弈的有效治理途径。     

论职业教育的利益相关者

职业教育的发展,在很大程度上与参与职业教育的各方主体的利益博弈有关。按照职业教育与各方主体联系的紧密程度,可以把职业教育的利益相关者分为三个层次：核心层、紧密层和关联层。不同的利益相关者有不同的利益诉求。     

Game farm conversions and the land question: unpacking present contradictions and historical continuities in farm dwellers' tenure insecurity in Cradock

This article addresses farm workers and farm dwellers' tenure insecurity and its relationship with farm conversions in the agricultural district of Cradock, located in the Eastern Cape Karoo. It argues that consequences of farm conversions for farm workers/dwellers' tenure security must be understood within the context of regional land and labour histories. Its main contention with existing positions that ‘blame’ farm conversions for increased evictions and an efflux of workers/dwellers from farms is that there is a correlative rather than causative relationship between farm conversions and farm worker/dweller displacements in the semi-arid areas. It argues that the extreme nature of the historical land question and the continued dominance of a historically white land-owning class in the semi-arid areas render farm workers/dwellers structurally vulnerable to having their residential arrangements on farms terminated at any given moment. Drawing on fieldwork conducted in Cradock between 2009 and 2011, the article shows that game farm conversions tend to perpetuate existing land and power relations on farms as they have prevailed over time. However, it also argues that the distinctiveness of game farm conversions lies in their near ‘irreversibility’ as a land use form which creates more permanently securitised and sealed-off pockets of consolidated land in the countryside. These transformations increase the erosion of farm workers/dwellers' embedded social histories and cultural imprint as a labouring class on the landscape.     

Computer game licences: The EULA and its discontents

This article considers the legal efficacy of terms found in the end-user licences (EULAs) of Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games (MMORPGs). The article focuses on selected terms in the EULAs of well-known MMORPGs, Everquest and Runescape as well as a more recent MMORPG, Path of Exile. Although there are many examples of inappropriate and unenforceable terms in EULAs, computer games provide a particularly salient example. Eager for access to a game, players accept the EULA without question and, unaware of their rights or keen to avoid costly litigation, rarely challenge the terms. Given the value of the games industry to the international economy, the article recommends that international guidance for EULA content is needed.