用法律的杠杆撬动中小企业经济板块——关于《中小企业促进法》的价值思考

发达的经济和健全的法律是支撑现代文明的两大支柱。我国20多年的改革，在经济和法制两大领域均取得了举世瞩目的辉煌成就。尤以经济发展对法律的依赖关系日趋明显，此所以有了“市场经济就是法制经济”的共识。我国施行《中华人民共和国中小企业促进法》后，许多省、市已相继出台了相应的实施“细则”或“办法”。这种立法现象及其动态说明，国家和政府试图用法律的杠杆去撬动中小企业经济板块，更彰显了《中小企业促进法》的价值。     

市民社会视野下的仲裁制度(下)

一、仲裁制度:市民社会的内在诉求……2.市民社会理念在仲裁制度的运行中的具体体现。市民社会为仲裁提供了滋生的土壤,仲裁制度在运作过程中所体现的种种相异于诉讼的特征,也正是市民社会在纠纷解决上的内在诉求。(1)程序主体———意思自治原则在仲裁程序中的诉求。意思自治是市民社会的基本理念。当事人在处理实体权利,缔结合同方面有充分的意思自治,在私权利纠纷的处理方面也应有完全的意思自治。仲裁正是这样一种当事人自由选择纠纷解决方式,自主指定纠纷解决主体,自主决定纠纷解决程序和选择适用法律的争议解决制度,当事人的程序主体…     

Typology of State Types: Persistence and Transition

Research on state fragility has seldom examined questions of persistence and transition of states. We develop a sixfold typology of states to examine how key structural features of states evolve and contribute to successful exits from fragility in some cases and persistence in others. Particularly worrisome is the lack of positive transition among the weakest states. Our findings are derived from a minimalist construct of a refined time series data set involving state indicators of authority, legitimacy, and capacity. Case studies of some of the more turbulent examples support our state trajectories. Additionally, changes in legitimacy most often led state transitions into or out of fragility. Implications of intervention policy for transitioning states out of fragility are addressed, and these are given particular focus since fragile states experience at least twice the intensity/incidence of internal armed conflict compared to other states.     

Conclusion: agency,context and emergent post-uprising regimes

This conclusion summarizes the evidence explaining the divergent trajectories taken by post Arab uprising states in terms of multiple variables, each illustrated by an iconic case, namely: State Failure and Competitive governance (Syria), Regime Restoration and Hybrid Governance (Egypt) and Polyarchic Governance (Tunisia). Factors include the starting point: levels of opposition mobilization and regimes' resilience – a function of their patrimonial-bureaucratic balance; whether or not a transition coalition forms is crucial for democratization prospects. Context also matters for democratization, particularly political economic factors, such as a balance of class power and a productive economy; political culture (level of societal identity cleavages) and a minimum of international intervention. Finally, the balance of agency between democracy movements, Islamists, the military and workers shapes democratization prospects.     

盐城中小汽车企业集群中的问题与对策

汽车及零部件产业是盐城市的重点支柱产业。中小汽车企业集群中的主要问题是:群体内企业合作不够,“产学研”合作机制不完善,群体内“核心企业”相对不强,企业经营者素质、人才结构难以满足发展需求。其主要对策是制定相关政策,制定发展规划,建立汽车工业园区。     

中小企业企业家导向的影响因素研究

企业家导向反映了企业对机会的识别和利用能力,是中小企业成长的重要影响因素.主要研究了我国中小企业企业家导向影响因素的识别及其作用机理.首先,通过对企业家导向的内涵和影响因素相关研究的回顾,提出了包含"机会-资源-企业异质性"三因素的中小企业企业家导向影响因素的分析框架.其中企业异质性是中小企业企业家导向形成的基础因素,企业家导向的强度受到机会丰富性和资源充足性的作用和影响.其次,通过对我国东北地区235家中小企业的问卷调研,应用方差分析及建立结构方程模型,对文中提出的中小企业企业家导向的影响因素进行识别,并对影响因素模型进行验证.最后,对企业家导向影响因素的作用机理进行说明.构建并验证了中小企业企业家导向影响因素的分析模型,指出企业家在权、责、利上的一致性和自主性会提升中小企业的企业家导向;丰富的企业家经验、充足的金融资源是中小企业企业家导向提升的重要推动力;稳定的经营环境也会强化我国中小企业的企业家导向.     

Evidence for the role of the justice motive in status generalization processes

Status generalization refers to the capacity of status characteristics, such as race, gender, or occupation, to become the basis of social inequality even when such characteristics are not directly relevant to the immediate social interaction. For instance, individuals with positively valued status characteristics are more likely to assume positions of power and prestige than those of lower standing. To date, status generalization has been assumed to arise from stereotyped beliefs that associate positive standing on a status characteristic with positively valued personal attributes. Findings from two studies indicate that the capacity for status characteristics to produce power and prestige orders may also depend on people's need to believe in a just world. In the first study, participants were fortuitously granted a position of either superior or equal power and prestige to another person. Consistent with just world predictions, participants portrayed themselves more positively relative to the other on assessments of personal attributes when they occupied a superior position than when they occupied a position of equal power and prestige. Results from a second study showed that the tendency to link personal attributes with power and prestige standing was strongest for participants who scored high on the Just World Scale. Thus, just world beliefs appear to play a role in status generalization processes.     

中小企业融资制度的缺陷分析及矫正点选择

股份制改造后,银行贷款逐渐成为中小企业发展规模、扩大投资的重要手段。在近年来的中小企业投资资金来源中,金融机构贷款占到了接近一半的比重。尽管如此,当前金融机构服务供给和中小企业服务需求之间的矛盾,仍导致了金融服务在数量上的不足和效率上的低下。因此必须对现有的制度缺陷进行改革,提高间接融资的效率,促进中小企业进一步发展。     

Developmental states,civil society,and public health: Patent regulation for HIV/AIDS pharmaceuticals in India and Brazil

While both India and Brazil are seriously affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic, each country has chosen a different approach to providing affordable pharmaceutical treatment. Whereas the Indian government has paved the way for market-driven solutions, Brazilian public authorities are strongly involved in the research and production of HIV/AIDS medication. Brazilian regulations permit comprehensive and free provision of HIV/AIDS drugs, whereas the majority of the affected population in India does not receive adequate pharmaceutical treatment. To explain the different policy outputs, we draw on the developmental state literature. Efficient decisionmaking structures, a devoted bureaucracy, and effective policy instruments enable public authorities to provide public goods even in the context of relative scarcity. We show that the assumptions of developmental state theory have to be complemented by the assessment of civil society actors' potential to trigger governmental interventions in the market.     

Discriminating language rights and politics in the post-Yugoslav states

ABSTRACT

Pupavac examines the rise of linguistic human rights advocacy and its approach in a case study of language politics in the post-Yugoslav states. A core concern of contemporary linguistic rights advocacy has been to tackle ethnically based discrimination and promote ethnic diversity. It does not only seek to prevent states from discriminating against those who speak minority languages. It expects states to take positive steps to preserve their diversity of languages. However, strategies affirming distinct linguistic identities may become complicit in perpetuating ethnic discrimination and ethnic divisions, as is evident in the language politics of the post-Yugoslav states.