社会保障权探微

社会保障权与社会保障密不可分,其产生有深刻的经济、社会和政治动因,并进而演进为现代社会的一项基本人权和公民的基本权利。社会保障权的本质是保障公民的生存权,并促进公民的发展。我国政府在保障公民的社会保障权方面,取得了巨大的成就,但也需要从社会保障的理念、立法、制度和司法救济等方面进行改革和创新,以保障公民平等地、实际地享有社会保障权。     

Engaging elite support for the poorest? BRAC's Targeted Ultra Poor programme for rural women in Bangladesh

This article draws preliminary lessons from the experience of engaging village elites in support of a BRAC programme for ultra-poor women in rural Bangladesh. It describes the origins, aims, and operation of this programme, which provides comprehensive livelihood support and productive assets to the extreme poor. Based on field research in the rural north-west, the article examines the conditions under which elites can support interventions for the ultra-poor, and the risks and benefits of such engagement. It describes the impact of committees mandated to support ultra-poor programme participants, and attempts to understand the somewhat paradoxical success of this intervention. Conclusions and lessons from the experience involve revisiting assumptions that dominate scholarship and programmes relating to the politics of poverty in rural Bangladesh.     

对我国社会保障模式选择与改革的反思

社会保障模式选择与变革受制于多重因素的影响。我国社会保障模式先后经历国家保险与社会保险两个阶段，其变革历程留下了深刻的经验教训，表现在公平与效率的关系失衡；政府与市场责任定位不明；价值取向误入歧途；理论基础薄弱、准备不足、研究滞后、创新不够。     

社会变迁与晚清知识分子世界观的嬗变

晚清社会变迁剧烈，极大地改变了当时中国知识分子对自身和外部世界的看法。社会的变迁导致晚清知识分子世界观发生根本性的嬗变。中国中心观念的逐渐没落正是这一嬗变最为重要的体现。晚清知识分子中国中心观念的没落，既是地域观念层面上的，又是文化观念层面的。它从一个侧面反映了近代中国知识分子在中国社会向近代转型过程当中的艰难心路历程。     

论城乡社会保障体制的对立与融合

农村与城镇社会保障的并存反映了二元经济结构城乡对立关系,其对立性集中地表现在农业劳动力的转移上。这种对立性造成了农村劳动力转移的制度障碍。随着城乡二元结构的消失,城乡社会保障最终要走向一体化。在这个发展过程中,城镇社会保障与农村社会保障同其他二元结构一样,双方应当存在必要的变换,交换的基础上,逐步走向一体化的融合发展道路。     

构建和谐社会与抽象行政行为的司法审查

依法行政与构建和谐社会是同一主题的不同层面。依法行政能否以公平正义为价值尺度,调整社会关系,平衡社会利益,整合社会资源,维护社会秩序,直接关系到构建和谐社会的成败[1]。抽象行政行为作为政府进行行政管理的一项最重要手段,是依法行政的起点和基础,但在依法行政实践中,抽象行政行为与宪法和法律相抵触,规章之间、规范性文件之间相互矛盾,政出多门,各自为政,甚至出现了超越自己立法权限进行立法的现象。抽象行政行为的不规范及监督机制的不完善是直接影响社会和谐的体制性因素之一。本文在分析我国抽象行政行为现有监督机制局限性的基础上,论述了将其纳入司法审查的必要性和可行性,以保障抽象行政行为的合法与规范,为依法行政奠定良好的法律基础,为构建和谐社会创造良好的行政法制环境。     

The persisting challenge of age-for-grade non-compliance in post-free primary education in Kenya

This article examines the prevalence of non-compliance on the age-for-grade policy in the post-free primary education system in Kenya. We utilised data from the 2009 cohort of enrolled primary schoolchildren. The analysis revealed non-compliance to be a persisting concern in the school system, characterised by both under-age and over-age enrolment at the age-for-grade level of analysis in spite of the introduction of free primary education in 2003. Irrespective of the nature of non-compliance, overcrowding in the lower grades is more prevalent, with potential for adverse compromises in quality of learning and the attendant added dimension of the mismatched grade-for-age curricula.     

Strengthening public health supply chains in Ethiopia: PEPFAR-supported expansion of access and availability

When the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)-supported Supply Chain Management System (SCMS) programme began working in Ethiopia in 2006, the estimated population of people living with HIV exceeded one million, while only 24,000 were on treatment and only 50 treatment sites were in operation. SCMS and other key partners entered into this context to support the Ethiopian government in significantly strengthening the public health supply chain system, with the aim of increasing the availability and accessibility of pharmaceutical products. The country now has 1,047 treatment sites and is nearing complete treatment coverage. This article discusses how priorities were set among many competing challenges from 2006 until 2014, and how the four-step strategy of build, operate, transfer, and optimise has resulted in a successful partnership.     

Learning from a leprosy project in Indonesia: making mindsets explicit for stigma reduction

International attention for disability recognises that it plays an important role in persistent poverty. Leprosy can cause preventable disability. Stigma associated with leprosy often has greater implications for people affected than physical impairments. The Stigma Assessment and Reduction of Impact (SARI) project in Indonesia employs an action research methodology to develop stigma reduction interventions. By exploring the different mindsets of the stakeholders in the reconnaissance phase of the project, the project identified differences in aspirations, attitudes to research, and conflicting intrinsic models of disability. The differences in mindsets are not symptoms of failure but, rather, should be actively sought out.     

Queering accounts of “MSM” practitioner agency: recognising collateral benefits

This article demonstrates how donor resources can enable MSM/TG practitioners to exercise agency in diverse ways, which produce collateral benefits for sexuality/gender-diverse communities. By focusing on what Thai MSM/TG practitioners actually do, we illustrate how their practices respond to their own aspirations, not only the demands of donor funding regimes. We position our project as queer in the sense that it interrupts the normative absence of practitioner agency within current “MSM” development literature. We argue that our reading might enable greater recognition and donor support for MSM/TG practitioners who produce collateral benefits through their work.