论城乡社会保障体制的对立与融合

农村与城镇社会保障的并存反映了二元经济结构城乡对立关系,其对立性集中地表现在农业劳动力的转移上。这种对立性造成了农村劳动力转移的制度障碍。随着城乡二元结构的消失,城乡社会保障最终要走向一体化。在这个发展过程中,城镇社会保障与农村社会保障同其他二元结构一样,双方应当存在必要的变换,交换的基础上,逐步走向一体化的融合发展道路。     

构建和谐社会与抽象行政行为的司法审查

依法行政与构建和谐社会是同一主题的不同层面。依法行政能否以公平正义为价值尺度,调整社会关系,平衡社会利益,整合社会资源,维护社会秩序,直接关系到构建和谐社会的成败[1]。抽象行政行为作为政府进行行政管理的一项最重要手段,是依法行政的起点和基础,但在依法行政实践中,抽象行政行为与宪法和法律相抵触,规章之间、规范性文件之间相互矛盾,政出多门,各自为政,甚至出现了超越自己立法权限进行立法的现象。抽象行政行为的不规范及监督机制的不完善是直接影响社会和谐的体制性因素之一。本文在分析我国抽象行政行为现有监督机制局限性的基础上,论述了将其纳入司法审查的必要性和可行性,以保障抽象行政行为的合法与规范,为依法行政奠定良好的法律基础,为构建和谐社会创造良好的行政法制环境。     

The persisting challenge of age-for-grade non-compliance in post-free primary education in Kenya

This article examines the prevalence of non-compliance on the age-for-grade policy in the post-free primary education system in Kenya. We utilised data from the 2009 cohort of enrolled primary schoolchildren. The analysis revealed non-compliance to be a persisting concern in the school system, characterised by both under-age and over-age enrolment at the age-for-grade level of analysis in spite of the introduction of free primary education in 2003. Irrespective of the nature of non-compliance, overcrowding in the lower grades is more prevalent, with potential for adverse compromises in quality of learning and the attendant added dimension of the mismatched grade-for-age curricula.     

Strengthening public health supply chains in Ethiopia: PEPFAR-supported expansion of access and availability

When the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)-supported Supply Chain Management System (SCMS) programme began working in Ethiopia in 2006, the estimated population of people living with HIV exceeded one million, while only 24,000 were on treatment and only 50 treatment sites were in operation. SCMS and other key partners entered into this context to support the Ethiopian government in significantly strengthening the public health supply chain system, with the aim of increasing the availability and accessibility of pharmaceutical products. The country now has 1,047 treatment sites and is nearing complete treatment coverage. This article discusses how priorities were set among many competing challenges from 2006 until 2014, and how the four-step strategy of build, operate, transfer, and optimise has resulted in a successful partnership.     

Learning from a leprosy project in Indonesia: making mindsets explicit for stigma reduction

International attention for disability recognises that it plays an important role in persistent poverty. Leprosy can cause preventable disability. Stigma associated with leprosy often has greater implications for people affected than physical impairments. The Stigma Assessment and Reduction of Impact (SARI) project in Indonesia employs an action research methodology to develop stigma reduction interventions. By exploring the different mindsets of the stakeholders in the reconnaissance phase of the project, the project identified differences in aspirations, attitudes to research, and conflicting intrinsic models of disability. The differences in mindsets are not symptoms of failure but, rather, should be actively sought out.     

Queering accounts of “MSM” practitioner agency: recognising collateral benefits

This article demonstrates how donor resources can enable MSM/TG practitioners to exercise agency in diverse ways, which produce collateral benefits for sexuality/gender-diverse communities. By focusing on what Thai MSM/TG practitioners actually do, we illustrate how their practices respond to their own aspirations, not only the demands of donor funding regimes. We position our project as queer in the sense that it interrupts the normative absence of practitioner agency within current “MSM” development literature. We argue that our reading might enable greater recognition and donor support for MSM/TG practitioners who produce collateral benefits through their work.     

美国社会保障行政中的听证制度

社会保障作为维护公民生存权益的基本制度,其中的程序设计往往可能直接影响到公民的实体利益享有。因此,考察美国社会保障行政中听证制度的发展,进而确认听证的具体类型、适用范围以及听证举行的具体环节等基本问题,可以为我国建立社会保障制度中的程序选择提供诸多理论借鉴与富有意义的启示。     

法·治·与·行·政——德国行政法在法治国背景下的展开

德国现代行政法的建立与发展很大程度上是在法治国背景之下完成的。法治国思想从最初提出之际,就是对国家行为的法律规范要求。在此背景下,奥托.迈耶提出“依法律行政”,并以此为基础建构起德国现代行政法。德国法治国思想其后经历了从自由法治国到社会法治国,以及从形式法治国到实质法治国的演变。作为对社会法治国的回应,给付行政理论开拓了德国行政法的新视野;而形式法治国到实质法治国的演变,则在实质法治观下对德国行政法进行了重新塑造。     

从一元到多元——关于文化演变的功能主义社会理论的解读

由于古典社会的社会依赖程度很低,并不具有较强的社会整合功能,整合社会的任务便主要由文化事项给承担了。因此,古典社会的文化必然表现为高度的一元性。这种情势在现代社会发生了根本的逆转:由于现代社会的社会依赖程度很高并具有比一元的文化更为强有力的社会整合功能,所以在古典社会主要由文化事项所承担的整合社会的任务便基本上让渡给了社会依赖事项。因此,现代社会的文化不必再表现为高度的一元性而呈现出相当的多元性。     

俄罗斯“突变性”社会转型模式生成根源分析

俄罗斯的社会转型模式具有转型路径的“突变性”、治理体制的个人集权与地方分离主义并行发展性、社会发展的间断性与跳跃性共存以及发展方向“西化”与“东方化”摇摆不定性等特点。这与俄罗斯独特的区域地理环境、独特东西文明交融而成的文化、独特的国民性格和民族意识有密切的关系,任何西化或东化的模式照搬都不适用于它。