社会管理创新视野下的犯罪预防与控制

社会管理创新就是在继承和修复传统有效社会管理经验和弊端基础上,创新社会管理体制,激活管理机制,强化政府主导能力,挖掘社会组织潜力,凝聚公民智慧力量,构建党委领导有力、政府主导得力、主体多元给力、公众参与聚力的合作共治格局。创新社会管理、提高社会管理水平,是减少犯罪条件、增加犯罪成本的治本之策,必将成为预防与控制犯罪的重要载体和路径。     

Revitalizing and de-territorializing fascism in the 1950s: the extreme right in France and Italy,and the pan-national (‘European’) imaginary

ABSTRACT

In this article Mammone explores a still relatively neglected story in the history of post-war neo-fascism, notably the attempts by some French and Italian right-wing extremists to revitalize fascist ideology after the war by means of two interconnected strategies, namely, radicalization (rejection of the democratic system) and ‘de-territorialization’ (in the sense of converting narrow fascist nationalism into pan-European nationalism). Mammone describes these project(s), as well as the influence of thinkers such as Julius Evola and Maurice Bardèche, and their location in the wider ideological context of the extreme right in the 1950s. The immediate outcome of this ‘de-territorialized fascism’ was the creation of an extreme-right international association, the Mouvement Social Européen, in which French and Italian activists played a central role. Mammone breaks new ground regarding the non-national dimension of extreme-right thought, a topic too often studied within the boundaries of a given geographical territory and nationalist ideological landscape. By utilizing a transnational framework, he also shows the continuous connections and interactions between the Italian and the French extreme rights.     

Gault's Promise Revisited: The Search For Due Process

Fifty years ago, due process was introduced into the juvenile courts, but today children still do not have the guiding hand of counsel at every stage of the proceedings. In assessing the pre‐Gault world, Chief Justice Fortas observed that “[a] child receives the worst of both worlds:…he gets neither the protections accorded to adults nor the solicitous care and regenerative treatment postulated for children.” 1 Fortas opined that “Then as now good will and compassion were admirably prevalent. But recent studies have entered with surprising unanimity, sharp dissent to the vitality of this gentle conception. They suggest that the appearance as well as the actuality of fairness‐ impartiality and orderliness‐ in short the essentials of due process may be a more therapeutic attitude so far as the juvenile is concerned.” 2 The prescience of his observation has found resonance and reinforcement with the 2013 publication of Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach 3 which was commissioned by the Office of Juvenile Justice Delinquency and Prevention (OJJDP). Reforming Juvenile Justice's emphasis on encouraging not only the perception but the actuality of fairness in all domains 4 connects directly to the essence of Gault's message. “Treating youth fairly and ensuring that they perceive that have been treated fairly and with dignity contribute to positive outcomes in the normal processes of social learning, moral development, and legal socialization adolescence.” 5 The research also demonstrates that public health oriented alternatives to traditional court processing promote social connection and positive youth development. 6 The OJJDP report provides a road map for promoting positive youth development and social engagement by demonstrating that supporting such policies improves public safety outcomes by reducing recidivism. In exploring whether Gault's promise of due process has been realized or is still aspirational, this article suggests that our inquiry requires us to think contextually by considering how children and families are treated in and out of the courtroom. This entails consideration of educational, child welfare and mental health services, as well as the scope of legal entitlements. Equity and fundamental fairness, euphemisms for due process, are what will truly effectuate Gault's promise and should be the benchmark for all courts and systems that engage with children.     

城市青少年弱势群体社会心理的透析与调适

因各种原因在社会中处于不利地位的城市青少年弱势群体,是一个值得重视的人群.他们中存在着失落焦虑、冷漠逆反、偏执攻击和自卑不合群等心理问题.为促进这一人群的健康发展,需要在社会层面、家庭层面、学校层面、社区层面和个体层面进行积极的调适,是他们脱离心理问题,改善弱势地位.     

论失业弱势群体社会网络的断裂与重构

中国人的社会行动是关系取向的,人们的社会关系是呈网状结构的,而这种社会关系网络结构又是分层化的.在失业弱势群体的社会支持体系中,非正式社会网络支持发挥着重要的作用.但是,这种非正式社会网络的社会支持作用是有限度的.失业下岗人员的社会网络断裂,更使其社会支持功能的发挥大打折扣.因此,失业弱势群体必须充分借助正式社会网络的社会支持力量,重构自己的社会关系网络.     

论行政裁决社会公信力的提升

行政裁决是一种特殊的行政行为,又是一种社会性的行为,因此必须在法制化的框架内努力实现其社会公信力的价值目标。通过规范行政裁决机构、行政裁决人员的职权,实现行政裁决程序的公开化,强化行政裁决过程的透明化等途径,来提升行政裁决的社会公信力,从而建立和扩大行政裁决的社会信用与声誉。提升行政裁决社会公信力在提高行政行为的社会认可程度、提高行政行为的效率内涵、减轻法院行政诉讼的压力、实行责任政府与法制社会的目标等方面有着重大的意义与价值。     

世界现代化进程的反思

世界现代化进程迄今已经历三次大推进的浪潮,先后有三批国家被卷入其中。其中,只有第一批国家的现代化属于地道的内源型现代化,它是西欧社会独特历史条件下的产物。第二批国家实现现代化的条件与第一批国家已有很大的差别,它们一开始就处于一种内外交困的状态。对于第三批国家来说,现代化与社会稳定的关系问题已变得空前地棘手,因为它们的现代化不可避免地要受制于一系列“迟发效应”。面对这样一些“迟发效应”,任何一个国家要想实现在第三次现代化浪潮中的起飞,都必须在全力推进现代化的同时牢固地保持社会各方面的协调和稳定。     

"社会契约"到"社会连带"——思想史中的卢梭和狄骥

颂扬个人权利和自由的社会连带主义法学的创始人--狄骥却鼓吹墨索里尼治下的"工团主义"。这只是一个简单的历史事实,但在这一事实的背后却隐藏着西方思想史的变迁,展示着西方现代性的危机。本文试图通过对他们思想关系的展开对这一变迁过程作出透视,在透视的过程中去理解西方现代性的危机。     

伦理学之争：内在还是超越——在孟子、勒维纳、克尔凯郭尔之间的对话

孟子、勒维纳、克尔凯郭尔对于"我和他人的伦理关系"有着各不相同的理解.伦理学不能建立在本体论之上,在"我和他人的伦理关系"里,"我"永远是一个"小我",而"他人"则是超越的存在,伦理主体的意义就在于与不同于自己的事物发生关系.     

从把握、运用规律的高度学习江泽民同志"七一"讲话精神

以把握、运用社会规律为红线,贯穿“三个纲领”、“三个代表”、“三个规律”的分别论述。在“三个纲领”中,着重指出“纲领”乃规律客观要求之转化为实践目标和实现目标之方法、途径的统一,并揭示其理论基础为我国社会基本矛盾与主要矛盾的统一;在“三个代表”中,指明中国共产党作为特定社会主体,历来重视对社会规律的正确认识和利用,“三个代表”正是以当代我国社会发展规律与主体自觉能动性之统一为理论基础。在主体能动性方面,着重就哲学认识论视角,阐发了“事实认识”与“价值认识”之区别和联系,由此论证了马克思主义世界观与为最大多数人民谋利益之价值观的统一;在“三个规律”中,以有中国特色社会主义建设规律为中心,概括地论述了“普遍性寓于特殊性中”,“个性中包含共性”,从而简要阐明了普遍、特殊、个别三个规律间的辩证统一关系,指出党的基本路线集中表现了我国社会基本矛盾与主要矛盾统一的客观要求,亦即集中反映了中国社会主义建设规律的要求。