代际收入关系中的社会公平：测量与解释

收入代际关联是对于社会中经济机会配置公平度的一种测量,在国外的研究中已经有了大量文献积累。本文首先利用调查数据估计了城镇代际收入弹性,发现中国城市中代际收入弹性处于中等水平,但是曲率大于其它国家,高收入者的代际继承性更强。结合中国的制度变迁背景,文章认为影响收入代际关联的最重要两个因素是：贫困家庭中人力资本投资不充分和在劳动力市场上受到阻碍。如果要增强经济机会的开放度和流动性,那么公共开支就应当加大对贫困家庭的人力资本投资力度,破除劳动力市场中的种种阻碍。     

社会管理创新视野下的犯罪预防与控制

社会管理创新就是在继承和修复传统有效社会管理经验和弊端基础上,创新社会管理体制,激活管理机制,强化政府主导能力,挖掘社会组织潜力,凝聚公民智慧力量,构建党委领导有力、政府主导得力、主体多元给力、公众参与聚力的合作共治格局。创新社会管理、提高社会管理水平,是减少犯罪条件、增加犯罪成本的治本之策,必将成为预防与控制犯罪的重要载体和路径。     

Revitalizing and de-territorializing fascism in the 1950s: the extreme right in France and Italy,and the pan-national (‘European’) imaginary

ABSTRACT

In this article Mammone explores a still relatively neglected story in the history of post-war neo-fascism, notably the attempts by some French and Italian right-wing extremists to revitalize fascist ideology after the war by means of two interconnected strategies, namely, radicalization (rejection of the democratic system) and ‘de-territorialization’ (in the sense of converting narrow fascist nationalism into pan-European nationalism). Mammone describes these project(s), as well as the influence of thinkers such as Julius Evola and Maurice Bardèche, and their location in the wider ideological context of the extreme right in the 1950s. The immediate outcome of this ‘de-territorialized fascism’ was the creation of an extreme-right international association, the Mouvement Social Européen, in which French and Italian activists played a central role. Mammone breaks new ground regarding the non-national dimension of extreme-right thought, a topic too often studied within the boundaries of a given geographical territory and nationalist ideological landscape. By utilizing a transnational framework, he also shows the continuous connections and interactions between the Italian and the French extreme rights.     

Gault's Promise Revisited: The Search For Due Process

Fifty years ago, due process was introduced into the juvenile courts, but today children still do not have the guiding hand of counsel at every stage of the proceedings. In assessing the pre‐Gault world, Chief Justice Fortas observed that “[a] child receives the worst of both worlds:…he gets neither the protections accorded to adults nor the solicitous care and regenerative treatment postulated for children.” 1 Fortas opined that “Then as now good will and compassion were admirably prevalent. But recent studies have entered with surprising unanimity, sharp dissent to the vitality of this gentle conception. They suggest that the appearance as well as the actuality of fairness‐ impartiality and orderliness‐ in short the essentials of due process may be a more therapeutic attitude so far as the juvenile is concerned.” 2 The prescience of his observation has found resonance and reinforcement with the 2013 publication of Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach 3 which was commissioned by the Office of Juvenile Justice Delinquency and Prevention (OJJDP). Reforming Juvenile Justice's emphasis on encouraging not only the perception but the actuality of fairness in all domains 4 connects directly to the essence of Gault's message. “Treating youth fairly and ensuring that they perceive that have been treated fairly and with dignity contribute to positive outcomes in the normal processes of social learning, moral development, and legal socialization adolescence.” 5 The research also demonstrates that public health oriented alternatives to traditional court processing promote social connection and positive youth development. 6 The OJJDP report provides a road map for promoting positive youth development and social engagement by demonstrating that supporting such policies improves public safety outcomes by reducing recidivism. In exploring whether Gault's promise of due process has been realized or is still aspirational, this article suggests that our inquiry requires us to think contextually by considering how children and families are treated in and out of the courtroom. This entails consideration of educational, child welfare and mental health services, as well as the scope of legal entitlements. Equity and fundamental fairness, euphemisms for due process, are what will truly effectuate Gault's promise and should be the benchmark for all courts and systems that engage with children.     

城市青少年弱势群体社会心理的透析与调适

因各种原因在社会中处于不利地位的城市青少年弱势群体,是一个值得重视的人群.他们中存在着失落焦虑、冷漠逆反、偏执攻击和自卑不合群等心理问题.为促进这一人群的健康发展,需要在社会层面、家庭层面、学校层面、社区层面和个体层面进行积极的调适,是他们脱离心理问题,改善弱势地位.     

论失业弱势群体社会网络的断裂与重构

中国人的社会行动是关系取向的,人们的社会关系是呈网状结构的,而这种社会关系网络结构又是分层化的.在失业弱势群体的社会支持体系中,非正式社会网络支持发挥着重要的作用.但是,这种非正式社会网络的社会支持作用是有限度的.失业下岗人员的社会网络断裂,更使其社会支持功能的发挥大打折扣.因此,失业弱势群体必须充分借助正式社会网络的社会支持力量,重构自己的社会关系网络.     

经济与公益活动中的地方政府与华侨华人互动

本文探讨了改革开放以来,在经济与公益活动中地方政府与华侨华人互动的过程与特征。地方政府为了获得社会资本,利用各种场合与海外华侨华人直接互动。同时,政府也采取“间接”互动的方式,广泛接触海外华侨。另一方面,海外华侨通过与地方政府的紧密互动,不仅卷入侨乡的公益事业,而且融入当地的经贸活动中,获得了较大的经济利润。在此基础上的双方互动,促成了侨乡进行一系列的制度创新,使侨乡成为中国经济和社会变革的先行地区。     

论行政裁决社会公信力的提升

行政裁决是一种特殊的行政行为,又是一种社会性的行为,因此必须在法制化的框架内努力实现其社会公信力的价值目标。通过规范行政裁决机构、行政裁决人员的职权,实现行政裁决程序的公开化,强化行政裁决过程的透明化等途径,来提升行政裁决的社会公信力,从而建立和扩大行政裁决的社会信用与声誉。提升行政裁决社会公信力在提高行政行为的社会认可程度、提高行政行为的效率内涵、减轻法院行政诉讼的压力、实行责任政府与法制社会的目标等方面有着重大的意义与价值。     

世界现代化进程的反思

世界现代化进程迄今已经历三次大推进的浪潮,先后有三批国家被卷入其中。其中,只有第一批国家的现代化属于地道的内源型现代化,它是西欧社会独特历史条件下的产物。第二批国家实现现代化的条件与第一批国家已有很大的差别,它们一开始就处于一种内外交困的状态。对于第三批国家来说,现代化与社会稳定的关系问题已变得空前地棘手,因为它们的现代化不可避免地要受制于一系列“迟发效应”。面对这样一些“迟发效应”,任何一个国家要想实现在第三次现代化浪潮中的起飞,都必须在全力推进现代化的同时牢固地保持社会各方面的协调和稳定。