‘Blocked’ Youth: The Politics of Migration from South and East Mediterranean Countries Before and After the Arab Uprisings

Migration from South and East Mediterranean (SEM) countries has been considered a growing security threat in the EU and Gulf states following the 9/11 attacks and the Arab uprisings. Since 2011, the economic slowdown, regime changes and socio-political instability have spurred growing migration pressure from SEM countries. However, the securitisation of migration of young citizens from these countries in the EU and the Gulf states is manifested in the drastic limitation of migrants’ inflows, and in the selection of prospective migrants on demographic, socio-economic and political grounds. Today’s ‘governmentality’ of youth migration from SEM countries poses ethical and development-related issues.     

Daughters and Displacement: Migration Dynamics in an Indonesian Transmigration Area

This study considers the ways 'indigenous' people have responded to the constraints and opportunities posed by the Indonesian government's transmigration programme in North Lampung, Sumatra. Migration is of increasing importance to the livelihoods of this group; particularly that involving the employment-related movement of young, unmarried women to the export-oriented factory zones of West Java. Female migration is notable in the context of customs confining unmarried women to the house, and negating their working in agriculture. The paper explores how factory migration has developed, drawing on field work conducted in 1994 and during the economic crisis in 1998, and focusing on the shifting terrain of intrahousehold power relations and decision-making in the community. Key to understanding migration dynamics in this area is the emergence of a culturally-conditioned social network linking village and city. This network has altered the terms upon which migration decisions and remittance practices are made, and may have cushioned.     

Cultural associations,clothing and food as markers of cultural identity in testimonies of Cameroonian forced migrants in Johannesburg

Abstract

The article examines the construction of cultural identity and the expression of cultural exclusivity in the testimonies of Cameroonian forced migrants in the metropolitan city of Johannesburg. It also explores the way the social conditions of Cameroonians have forged a process of culture integration as a survival mechanism, subverting their impassioned attachment to cultural roots and claims of cultural exclusivity. Here, the article addresses three mediums for the formation of cultural identity, namely cultural associations, clothing and traditional cuisine and one main signifier of integration – intermarriage. It draws on the premise that because of the discrepant political ideologies of Cameroonians in Johannesburg, the construction of identity within this community of migrants has tended to fracture along cultural lines. It also draws on the theoretical underpinning that the upsurge in global migration has increased the chances of culture hybridization.     

迁徙自由权演进之比较及其对我国的启示

迁徙自由权作为公民的一项基本权利,其内涵随着时代背景的变迁而不断地丰富和发展着,文章拟通过对各国宪法迁徙自由权规定之演进及相关社会背景的解析,归纳出迁徙自由权内涵的演变规律,进而从这一规律中得出我国迁徙立法的启示。     

简论外国人在中国永久居留(中国绿卡)制度

外国人在中国永久居留(中国绿卡)制度始于1985年《外国人出境入境管理法》,发展于2004年《外国人在中国永久居留审批管理办法》。该制度促进了中国的国际化,规范了外国人在中国永久居留审批管理工作,但是,由于我国对绿卡制、永久移民与国内社会和经济发展的关系等关键问题理解和把握有偏差,已经建立的制度存在着宏观架构、立法思路、具体制度设计等方面的问题。这些问题消耗了中国作为移民法后发国家的优势,阻碍了中国移民法实现跨越式发展,值得进行认真的批判性思考。     

Some explanations of crime among four ethnic groups in the Netherlands

Since 1950 there has been large-scale immigration to Western Europe, mainly from Muslim countries. This paper focuses on the degree of involvement in crime of ethnic minority boys as compared to indigenous boys and on the possible causes of these crime involvements. A random sample from three ethnic minority boys (Moroccans, Turks, Surinamese) was taken. A control group consisted of indigenous boys with a comparable socioeconomic background as the minority respondents. Data were gathered about self-report and recorded delinquency, family and school life, leisure time, traditionalism, migration problems, and socioeconomic status. It appears that the arrest rates among the minority youths are substantially higher than among the comparable Dutch boys. A number of explanations are considered: strain, lack of social control, cultural dissonance, and migration problems. Results show that only social control factors explain criminality within the groups, indicating that the causes of criminality among ethnic minority boys may essentially be the same as those among the indigenous boys.     

论户籍改革与迁徙自由

迁徙自由权是公民的一项基本人权,但是长期以来计划经济体制使我国对迁徙自由采取了限制态度。在宪法上明确公民的迁徙自由,是社会主义市场经济的需要,也是现代民主政治的必然要求。取消农业人口和非农业人口的差别性规定、建立统一的可以流通的户籍管理制度、实现迁徙自由是我国户籍制度改革的方向。通过户籍改革,可为迁徙自由的实现创造条件。     

生育与养育：女性农民工子女随迁的工资惩罚——基于核心家庭样本的分析

在农民工群体规模不断增长且家庭化迁移趋势日益凸显的背景下,妥善解决子女随迁带来的系列问题愈发重要。本研究聚焦子女随迁造成的女性农民工工资收入降低问题,基于母职工资惩罚理论,将女性农民工群体承担母职角色造成的工资惩罚分为生育惩罚与养育惩罚,利用2018年流动人口动态监测数据进行检验。研究发现：生育惩罚会降低女性农民工工资的2.4%,养育惩罚会显著降低女性农民工工资收入的11.0%;在一孩家庭中,幼儿园年龄段的子女随迁对新生代受教育程度较低的女性农民工造成的养育惩罚最为严重;在二孩家庭中,婴幼儿年龄段的子女随迁对新生代受过高等教育的女性农民工造成的养育惩罚最为严重,且二孩家庭婴幼儿年龄段的子女随迁对工资造成的负向影响是独生子女家庭同年龄段子女随迁的4倍多。研究建议,要加强二孩家庭的托育服务供给,如提供在农民工家庭支付能力内的日间照料、托管、家政等服务,进一步释放流动人口带来的劳动力资源,促进劳动力市场的性别平等。     

论迁徙自由立法的例外规定

迁徙自由原则一直以来都是国际移民法的重点原则，也是世界公认的一项基本人权，对迁徙自由权可以从一般性规定。限制性规定和保护性规定三个方面来阐述，其中后两者即例外性规定是政策制定与司法实践过程中的焦点，其目的是为了更有效地保障公民的迁徙自由权。本文通过对《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》，各国特别是美德两国关于迁徙自由权限制性，以及限制之限制规定的立法模式和立法内容的分析，给例外规定的中国化提供了借鉴，以更全面地保障中国公民的迁徙自由权。     

Struggles over the rights of foreign domestic workers in Malaysia: the possibilities and limitations of ‘rights talk’

Abstract

The publication of Max Weber's early lecture notes on economic theory as Volume III/1 of the Max Weber Gesamtausgabe (MWG) reveals for the first time how much his teaching in Freiburg and Heidelberg from 1894 to 1898 was influenced by the ‘modern economics’ of Carl Menger and his students, Friedrich von Wieser and Eugen Böhm-Bawerk. This review essay examines the significance of this volume, and also presents a brief history and assessment of the ongoing Gesamtausgabe project.