我国区域协调发展中的地方立法协调:样本探索及发展空间

区域协调发展是我国的国家战略。近年来,在党的领导下,我国区域协调发展中的地方立法协调实践探索,呈现出京津冀、珠三角、长三角等几种典型样本,并各具特色及示范价值。进入新时代后,区域地方立法协调面临诸多国内无先例可循的新问题。根据党的十九届四中全会提出的“构建区域协调发展新机制”等时代新要求,需要重点思考我国区域立法协调的发展空间、聚焦领域和可能的溢出效应等理论难点。从已有的样本探索和发展趋势看,区域内跨省市的大气、水流等生态环境共保共治问题,区域市场一体化及区域营商环境共建问题,区域一体化示范区共建问题等,将是今后我国区域地方立法协调的侧重点和聚焦点。     

Shifting forensic science focus from means to purpose: A path forward for the discipline?

Forensic science is facing a persistent crisis that is often addressed by organizational responses, with a strong focus on the improvement and standardisation of means and processes. However, organisations and processes are highly dependent on the political, economical and legal structures in which they operate. This may explain why most proposed solutions had difficulties in addressing the crisis up to now, as they could hardly be applied transversally to all forensic science models. Moreover, new tools and technologies are continuously developed by a quasi-infinite number of different scientific disciplines, thus leading to further diversity and fragmentation of forensic science. In this paper, it is proposed to shift the focus from means to purpose and consider forensic science current challenges in terms of discipline, before addressing organisations’ specific issues. As a distinct discipline, forensic science can refocus research and development on shared principles and purposes, such as reconstructing, monitoring, and preventing crime and security issues. This focus change will facilitate a better understanding of the trace as the object of study of forensic science and eventually lead to a more impactful and long-lasting effect. This approach will also foster the development of a forensic science culture (instead of a primarily technological culture) unified by purpose rather than means through more relevant education and research.     

Transportation Access,Rental Vouchers,and Neighborhood Satisfaction: Evidence From the Moving to Opportunity Experiment

The Housing Choice Voucher (HCV) program is designed in part to expand the neighborhood choices of assisted households, thereby enabling assisted households to find a living environment that simultaneously meets their housing and neighborhood preferences. While several studies have examined the impact of rental subsidies on neighborhood satisfaction, few have examined whether access to adequate transportation enables HCV recipients to locate housing in more desirable locations. This article relies on data from the Moving to Opportunity experiment to examine the impact of transportation access, rental housing vouchers, and geographic constraints on neighborhood satisfaction. We find that access to both vehicles and public transit positively influences neighborhood satisfaction, and the influence of vehicle access varies with transit proximity. These findings point to the importance of transportation in helping low-income assisted renter households locate housing in more desirable neighborhoods.     

Can top-down community enterprise development reduce poverty and out-migration? Evidence from Thailand

This article examines the performance of a poverty alleviation policy in Thailand known as the Small and Micro Community Enterprises (SMCEs) programme. It investigates provincial determinants affecting the establishments of the SMCEs and assesses the effects of the programme on household income and out-migration by using panel data analysis and propensity score matching model. The research findings indicated that such enterprises have spread widely. Average household expenditure, the rate of poverty, and agricultural output were significant predictors of SMCE establishments. However, the research did not find any concrete evidence to support the claim that this policy helped reduce poverty or out-migration.     

Collective action in small-scale mushroom production in Swaziland: does organisational form matter?

While substantial literature is available on the determinants of small-scale farmers’ participation in collective action, and the welfare impacts of producing and/or marketing collectively, studies on the likely implications of organisational form on producers’ collective behaviour remain scant. This article attempts to address this knowledge gap by using an example of different forms of small-scale mushroom-producing groups in Swaziland. Given the importance of collective action in sub-Saharan Africa, the overall results of this article provide valuable insights into alternative means of coordinating commercial small-scale agricultural activities, which can improve producers’ ultimate benefits while reducing the likelihood of internal free-riding.     

城市可持续发展评价指标体系的理论依据和基本框架

构建任何一种评价指标体系都必须有理论上的依据。建立城市可持续发展评价指标体系的若干理论依据和城市可持续发展系统的结构特点,提出由社会、经济、人口、资源、环境、域外6个子系统组成的指标体系基本框架,并且按照对立统一关系将其划分为相互对应的两个指标群,可以大大增强该指标体系的分析比较功能。     

论区域产业政策

区域产业政策是国家产业政策在一个区域范围内发挥作用的产业政策。区域产业政策具有他的特征和作用,主要包括区域产业结构政策和主导产业政策。制定正确的区域产业政策,明确区域产业发展各方面支持和限制的重点,是调整区域产业结构、进行区域主导产业选择的重要依据。     

把落实科学发展观作为公安监管"三基"工程建设的着力点

为了准确界定公安监管基层基础工作的范围和重点,找准基层基础工作的着力点和突破口,公安监管工作要以科学发展观为指导,切实把公安监管基层基础工作的切入点定位于强化民警队伍建设,着力体现以人为本的新理念;切实把公安监管基层基础工作的突破口定位于强化监管基础设施、技术装备和后勤保障建设,着力体现全面发展的新理念;切实把公安监管基层基础工作的基本点定位于强化监管业务规范化建设,着力体现协调、可持续发展的新理念.     

THE DELINQUENCY OF CHILDREN BORN TO YOUNG MOTHERS: RESULTS FROM THE ROCHESTER YOUTH DEVELOPMENT STUDY*

This paper examines the relationship between a mother's age at first childbirth and the delinquent behavior of her children. Using data from the Rochester Youth Development Study (RYDS), an ongoing longitudinal study of adolescent development, we found that children born to mothers who began childbearing at a young age were more prone to general delinquency, violence, and arrest than were children born to mothers who began childbearing when they were older. This “early first‐birth effect” was far larger in white and Hispanic families than in African‐American families. Mediating analyses found that the early first‐birth effect was most attributable to the unstable composition of families in which early childbearing occurs. That said, a substantial portion of the effect remains unmediated.     

在素质教育中让全体学生都得到全面主动的发展

素质教育是一种现代化的教育理念,是一种新的教育模式。不是简单地对“应式教育”的否定,而是一种新的教育体制的构建。面向大众,人人都要受到教育,培养个性、激发潜能,让学生主动发展,全面发展,培养时代需要人才。