Delivering Science into Public Policy: An Analysis of Murray‐Darling Basin Sustainable Yields Assessment as a Model for Impact

The desire to base policy at least in part upon scientific information is a clear trend in Australian governance. The growing literature on how to facilitate this intent highlights a few important principles complemented by examples from the application of social sciences. An example from a very large research project based on physical sciences responding to a national crisis is presented in the context of how it approached delivery to policy‐makers. The Murray‐Darling Basin Sustainable Yields Assessment, widely considered an outstanding success in both scientific terms and for its impact, is reviewed with respect to how the scientific challenge of assessing the future security of water resources in Australia's most important and politically contentious catchment translated into the policy domain. The lessons learned offer a potential template for science with policy intent.     

突破"中等收入陷阱"的关键在于转变发展方式

改革开放后,中国实现和保持了30多年的高速经济增长,由一个低收入国家成长为一个中等收入国家。低收入国家和中等收入国家,面临的是不同的增长难题和发展难题。如果不能很好地解决自身发展中的各种矛盾,就有可能进入中等收入陷阱而导致经济增长放缓或停滞。本文对现阶段中国经济的发展特征进行了深入的讨论,从宏观和微观层面指出转变发展方式对我国未来的经济增长和社会经济发展具有重大影响。     

海洋经济:“十二五”期间中国经济发展的新动力

实现经济可持续发展的关键在于挖掘新的经济增长动力。海洋产业对国民经济的需求结构、产业结构和区域结构产生至关重要的影响,发展海洋经济是中国实现可持续发展的重要载体。本文从海洋经济对国民经济作用、海洋产业升级的影响以及海洋开发的区域联动效应三个方面分析海洋经济增长绩效,从调整海洋产业结构、升级海洋经济发展模式、提高海洋环境保护等方面提出对策建议。     

涉农产业发展的国际比较研究

涉农产业是一个涵盖农业投入、农业生产、农产品加工和流通的产业体系.涉农产业发展具有显著的阶段性特征,随着经济发展水平的提高,涉农产业在国民经济中的重要性趋于稳定,且涉农产业价值链的延伸趋于均衡;涉农产业产品与非涉农产业产品收入弹性的差异、以及涉农产业内部不同产品收入弹性的差异,是影响农产品加工和流通部门发展的主要因素;...     

基于PGIS平台的禁毒侦察情报指挥系统软件开发研究

禁毒侦察情报指挥系统基于云南省警用地理信息系统开发搭建,是一套从信息化的整体、全局和发展的角度出发,全方面的规划、设计、构建、集成、部署、运行、维护和管理等,提供高可用性、高合理性的体系架构,真正实现"用户主控,随需而变,全局规划,整体集成"的信息化战略.     

农村人力资源开发中政府参与现状及对策

目前,我国农村已基本形成了农业专业教育和农业职业教育为主的农业专业专门教育,以农民学校培训、岗位培训和资格证书培训为主的农民素质教育,以及以农村骨干、农技推广和管理人员继续教育为主的农村从业人员继续教育等体系。但是在农村人力资源开发中依然存在许多亟待解决的重大问题,这些问题的存在表明政府在指导、参与农村人力资源开发中存在着一系列的偏差和误区。应当加大财政投资,为农村人力资源开发提供资金支持;提供优质高效的公共服务,加速农村人力资源开发的成效;深化农村教育、医疗卫生、行政管理体制改革,加快农村人力资源开发的进程;强化舆论宣传、提高农民的人力资源开发的自主意识。     

“人类发展指数”（HDI）：含义、方法及改进

在林林总总的经济社会发展指标体系中,联合国的"人类发展指数"独树一帜,影响极其广泛."人类发展指数"反映了发展观和发展尺度的进步.但是10多年来计算"人类发展指数"的方法的变化,容易使人迷惑.本文探析了"人类发展指数"计算方法的重要改进,以及对解读不同年份公布指数的影响.     

中国政府人力资源开发及其战略

中国是世界上人口最多的国家,人才强国战略是当今中国政府明智的决策。然而如何实现这一战略,关键在于中国政府的人力资源开发战略定位及其开发体系的建立,在于如何把人口资源转化为人力资源与人才资源。因此,本文主要回答什么是中国政府人力资源开发,中国政府为什么要进行人力资源开发,中国政府应该构建什么样的人力资源开发战略体系。     

Unilateral CDM—can developing countries finance generation of greenhouse gas emission credits on their own?

The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) was originally seen as an instrument with a bi- or multilateral character where an entity or fund from an industrialised country invests in a project in a developing country. The sluggish implementation of incentives for industrialised country companies to embark on CDM projects and low carbon prices led to a preference for just buying Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) instead of investing in projects. Thus a third option has gained prominence—the unilateral option where the project development is planned and financed within the developing country. We propose that a project should be called “pure unilateral” if it involves no foreign direct investment (FDI), only has the approval of the Designated National Authority (DNA) of the host country and sells its CERs after certification directly to an industrialised country. Unilateral projects can become attractive if the host country risk premium for foreign investors is high despite a high human, institutional and infrastructural capacity and domestic capital availability. Moreover, transaction costs can be reduced compared to foreign investments that have to overcome bureaucratic hurdles. On the other hand, technology transfer is likely to be lower, capacity building has to be undertaken by the host country and all risks have to be carried by host country entities. The potential to carry out unilateral CDM projects strongly varies among host countries. Whereas several countries from Asia and Latin America can design and implement projects autonomously, most of the Sub-Saharan countries rely on foreign support. International donors of capacity building grants should increasingly address those countries that are not presently focused on by foreign investors and support them in the design of local projects.

突破传统经济发展方式的体制障碍——建设服务型政府的意义和对策

传统的经济发展方式要实现根本性转变,必须与政府体制改革和服务型政府建设相辅相成。服务型政府建设有利于突破传统经济发展方式的体制障碍,提高政府公信力,重塑政府形象,更好地发挥政府在推进经济发展方式转变上的积极引导作用,有利于把发展社会事业和改善民生作为转变发展方式、扩大国内需求的重要着力点。因此,建设服务型政府必须牢固树立＂以人为本＂、以服务为核心的行政理念,以转变职能为核心,以依法行政、公开透明为准则,以＂大部制改革＂和＂公共财政＂打造为推手,建立以基本公共服务为导向的政府绩效评价体系,为经济发展方式的转变提供切实的体制保障。