物联网在森林公安业务中的应用初探

物联网技术可以用于管理林区工作,提高工作效率,节约警力,还有利于执法规范化建设。物联网技术里的定位、识别、感知等关键技术,可以应用于开发森林公安业务中对珍稀动植物的定位与保护监控、打击非法收购或运输木材等违法行为以及防火、防灾方面的物联网监控系统。     

A Century of Green Lessons: The Contribution of Nature Conservation Regimes to Global Governance

This paper reviews the lessons learned over the past 100 years in international management and conservation of the Earth's natural heritage and biological resources (fauna and flora), in the face of growing threats of degradation and extinction. The focus is on the effectiveness of intergovernmental and non-governmental institutions – in terms of agenda-setting, regime formation, implementation and compliance, and reactions to non-compliance. Among specific case histories analysed are the ivory trade ban, the whaling moratorium, and attempts at establishing an international forest regime. Innovative governance features highlighted in the field of global living resource management include active NGO participation, the use of selective economic incentives and disincentives (e.g. multilateral or bilateral trade sanctions), and a number of judicial enforcement remedies for both species-based and area-based conservation agreements. The paper concludes by assessing the prospects of transition from the paradigm of 'permanent sovereignty over natural resources' towards new concepts of public trusteeship and stewardship.     

Rights to land and resources in Argentina's Alerces National Park

Alerces National Park, created in 1937 to protect temperate forest ecosystems in Argentina's southern Andes, contains 42 families within its borders. Grazing is the principal livelihood strategy of most park inhabitants. Domesticated animals, however, are not compatible with the conservation objectives of park authorities, who are promoting tourism as a sustainable alternative to livestock. Park inhabitants are less enthusiastic about tourism. They lack a meaningful role in negotiating rights to land and resources, and they have been marginalised from conservation planning. This could be alleviated by titling parts of Alerces National Park to park inhabitants and providing them with shared management responsibilities.     

改善生态环境 促进农村经济的发展和繁荣

本文主要提出了四个观点：一是加强生态环境建设，认真搞好退耕还林还草工作，并以此为契机，实现农村经济发展战略的大转变；二是发展壮大支柱产业，努力加速农业产业化进程；三是发展乡镇企业，建设小城镇，加速农村由传统社会向现代社会的转型；四是加速基础设施建设步伐，增强农村经济发展的后劲。     

State,social policy and subaltern citizens in adivasi India

This paper argues that social policies work towards the subject-making of subaltern citizens by defining the grammar of state–subaltern relationship. The Forest Rights Act of India (2006) defines the state–adivasi relationship through a two-way process: claim-making by the indigenes for forest rights, and reduction of the discourse by the state into a politics of recognition without redistribution. While adivasis have employed their agency in wresting social policies from the state through protracted struggles, they are also made subjects of the state as they go about the Forest Rights Act procedure. The paper further points out that adivasi struggles and the organisations representing them constitute a distinct adivasi society contra the middle-class civil society. Though the spirit of the Act envisages substantive redistribution, the state institutions and the monitoring Non-Governmental Organisations have yet to adopt redistribution as a core narrative.     

当代中国公共性转型研究

公共性是现代国家构建的重要内容,新中国成立后,在党—国家—社会一体化的政治形态下形成了高度集权型公共性,公共领域失去了独立自主发展的空间。改革开放特别是市场经济的确立,公共性发生了具有重要意义的转型,即开始从高度集权公共性转变为适度分权公共性。当然,过渡形态下的公共性仍然存在一些问题,因而必须从制度环境和内在修养等方面予以完善,才能实现公共性合理有序转型。     

公益林生态效益补偿政策与法律问题探讨

生态效益补偿制度作为一个不可忽视的方面已成为林业分类经营改革的热点和难点。我国先后启动了天然林保护工程和退耕还林工程这两项具有生态补偿性质的工程。虽然这两项工程都已取得了一定的成就,但是其中尚存在着一些问题。构建公益林效益补偿法已成为社会主义市场经济体制和林业深化改革进程中的一个新问题。中国公益林生态效益补偿法规的设计应从以下几方面入手: 1.确立公益林在生态环境中的地位和作用; 2.确立公益林的各种林种的具体范围; 3.建立公益林的效益补偿原则; 4.确立公益林效益补偿方式; 5.确立公益林效益补偿资金及各种法定费用的征收使用管理规则。     

Ancestry Assessment Using Random Forest Modeling, ,

A skeletal assessment of ancestry relies on morphoscopic traits and skeletal measurements. Using a sample of American Black (n = 38), American White (n = 39), and Southwest Hispanics (n = 72), the present study investigates whether these data provide similar biological information and combines both data types into a single classification using a random forest model (RFM). Our results indicate that both data types provide similar information concerning the relationships among population groups. Also, by combining both in an RFM, the correct allocation of ancestry for an unknown cranium increases. The distribution of cross‐validated grouped cases correctly classified using discriminant analyses and RFMs ranges between 75.4% (discriminant function analysis, morphoscopic data only) and 89.6% (RFM). Unlike the traditional, experience‐based approach using morphoscopic traits, the inclusion of both data types in a single analysis is a quantifiable approach accounting for more variation within and between groups, reducing misclassification rates, and capturing aspects of cranial shape, size, and morphology.     

环境规制对中国林产品出口贸易的影响及对策探讨

当今时代,环境污染和生态破坏已严重威胁到经济社会的可持续发展,为此各国纷纷制定出了种种环境规制。这些环境规制已成为国际贸易活动中不容忽视的因素,尤其在与生态环境密切相关的林产品贸易领域。本文从中国林产品出口贸易的现状出发,分析了环境规制对中国林产品出口的成本效应、创新效应、形象效应等的影响。在环境规制背景下,中国应该采取加快森林认证体系建设,增加科技投入,加强国际合作以及开拓多元市场等措施来使林产品贸易健康稳定发展。     

集体林权改革背景下林权纠纷解决机制的完善

林权纠纷具有主体集中、内容多样、原因复杂、利益高额、冲突严重、长期反复等特点,集体林权改革的全面推进短期内将加剧林权纠纷,必须妥善解决。现行林权纠纷解决机制存在和解形同虚设、行政处理不够公正、诉讼作用有限、调解不够规范、仲裁欠缺专业性等缺弊,应当加以完善。完善措施包括：注意因地制宜,统一处理规则,规范行政处理,强化诉讼功能,提高调解质量,建立林业仲裁,以及在条件成熟时制定专门的林业纠纷处理法规。