农林水气一体化森林系统是粮食和生态安全的基础

森林生态系统是内陆增加降水、涵养水土、稳定径流、繁衍生物和吸碳制氧的重要机制,同时还提供人类所需的多样性的食、用之物。传统的农林水气分离式发展模式严重削弱了这一机制,导致全球性的水土流失、径流失稳、干旱加剧、气候变暖、资源短缺、环境恶化。未来的粮食、淡水、气候和生物多样性安全应建立在建设多产高产和生态功能健全的农林水气一体化的森林系统基础上。     

把速丰林产业打造成广西支柱产业

文章从广西的林业现状出发 ,阐述了把发展速丰林作为广西支柱产业的必要性、可行性 ,并提出具体的操作建议     

加快黑龙江省对俄林业合作的思考

近年,黑龙江省对俄木材贸易发展迅速,占全国对俄木材贸易总量的1/3以上。从贸易数量上看,黑龙江省对俄木材贸易取得较大发展。但从贸易质量上看,总体质量不高,主要是进口俄原木。但2006年以来俄罗斯不断提高原木出口关税来限制原木出口,使黑龙江省对俄木材贸易与合作受到很大影响。2008年金融危机进一步影响了黑龙江省对俄木材贸易的发展。黑龙江省对俄罗斯林业资源合作优势明显,潜力巨大,也存在一些亟待解决的问题。     

集体林权制度改革后发展林下经济探析——以广西田林县为例

田林县是广西人均拥有林地面积最多的县,其中全县适宜发展林下经济面积达到106万亩,为林下经济发展提供了良好的空间优势。充分利用林下土地资源和林荫空间,在林下种植药材、花卉等经济作物和发展食用菌、养殖家禽等,将会大大提高林地综合经济效益;发展林下经济可以把单一林业引向复合林业。对于林农充分利用林地资源、培育经济新的增长点、实现林业的可持续发展有重要作用。     

Some recent additions to the library

Richard Calland &; Paul Graham (Eds), IDASA's Democracy Index — Democracy in the Time of Mbeki, Cape Town: Institute for Democracy in South Africa (IDASA), Cape Town, 2005, R150, 252 pages.

Pieter Wolvaardt, A Diplomat's Story: Apartheid and Beyond, 1969–1998, South Africa: Galago Publishing, 2005. ISBN 1–919854–15–0, R225, 336 pages.

Greg Mills, The Security Intersection: The Paradox of Power in an Age of Terror, Johannesburg: Wits University Press, 2005, 321 pages.

Hugh Pope, Sons of the Conquerors. The Rise of the Turkic World, New York: Overlook Duckworth, 2005. ISBN 1–58567–641–1. 413 pages.     

藤山一雄和他笔下的“满洲森林”

甲午战争、日俄战争后,伴随着日本军国主义穷兵黩武国策的急剧膨胀,大批日本移民进入中国东北。尤其是1931年日本军国主义悍然发动侵略中国东北的“九一八”事变后,更是加剧了日本移民的涌入。至1945年日本战败为止,不包括军政人员,全东北已经有150余万的日本移民定居。就中作家近百人,他们绝大多数人站在殖民主义的立场上,记录了殖民主义者眼中的“满洲”风光,描摹了他们作为统治阶级一员对“满洲”新大陆的“美好憧憬”。藤山一雄可谓最典型的一个。     

Nobody Knows Best: Alternative Perspectives on Forest Management and Governance in Southeast Asia

In this paper we propose a framework for understanding how dominant perspectives, or worldviews, influence the crafting of institutions, and how these, in turn, constrain the functions and goals of knowledge systems. Alternative perspectives carry their own set of assumptions and beliefs about who should be making the rules, where the best knowledge lies to guide decisions, and about where more knowledge is needed. Initially, four contrasting perspectives are elaborated: state-, market-, greens-, and locals-know-best. We illustrate the framework by exploring the recent history of forest governance in Southeast Asia, finding several examples of battles of perspectives leading to a new dominant perspective. In each case the dominant perspective itself, old or new, is shown to be defective in some critical way and was, or should be, replaced. The problem is that each of the perspectives considers the world as knowable, manageable, and relatively constant, or at most changing only slowly. Ecological and socio-political crises, however, are recurrent. Management plans and regulations or policies that aim to establish the land-use allocation, the best crop, the best forest management system or the best price or system of incentives, are doomed to failure. If uncertainties are accepted as fundamental, solutions as temporary, and scientific knowledge as useful but limited, then Nobody Knows Best is a modest, but effective heuristic for forest governance.     

What Role for Private Rule-Making in Global Environmental Governance? Analysing the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)

This article assesses the recent trend of rule-making by private multi-stakeholder initiatives – a hitherto largely unnoticed phenomenon in global environmental governance – by analysing the multiple functions and impacts of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), one of the best-known private institutions in global environmental politics. After clarifying the general context of private governance, I turn to the specific function of private rule-making institutions. I argue that rule-making can be understood as the act of agreeing on both constitutive and regulative rules that prescribe the behaviour of a specific group of actors, whether individuals or organisations. Further, I argue that the FSC, as one example of private rule-making in world politics, performs three additional functions that shape the contours of global governance: (1) facilitating a solution to complex multi-interest problems, (2) brokering knowledge and norms among a wide range of stakeholders, and (3) constituting a learning network in environmental governance.     

Ecosystem Restoration Concessions in Indonesia: Conflicts and Discourses

Approaches and instruments focused on market mechanisms and private enterprises, including private protected areas, are promoted as ways to resolve global environmental and developmental problems. In Indonesia, Ecosystem Restoration Concessions (ERCs) have been developed as a new market-oriented governmental instrument to counter current deforestation processes and to restore forest ecosystems. Conservation and development organizations, along with state authorities, view ERCs as a highly promising instrument in Indonesia and in other countries as well. Experiences with ERCs are still limited, however, and their viability is uncertain. The implementation of ERCs in Indonesia has been controversial and the impact of ERCs on forests and forest-dependent communities has been fiercely disputed. This article explores these conflicts and disputes with a focus on the Harapan ERC and weighs the relevance of ERCs for German development cooperation. The improvement of the accountability of such projects and the implementation of mediation facilities are emphasized as prerequisites to establishing such market-oriented instruments according to international standards of nature conservation, the rights of indigenous and local populations, and sustainable development. The author concludes that decisions about strategies and instruments applied in forest-related development cooperation must involve a reconsideration of the mindsets that currently determine conservation approaches and development cooperation.     

Mobile learning platform combined RFID information of heterogeneous wireless mesh network for forest education and training

In this paper, we present heterogeneous wireless network technique of mobile learning for relating paper maps and electronic information resources using Radio Frequency Identification （RFID）, mobile device and Wi-Fi technology. The system combines paper maps with electronic guide resources. Information about a training problem or region is accessed by waving a handheld computer equipped with an RFID reader above the region of interest on a paper map. Mobile platform device has been used as a tool for navigation learning and mobile-learning information. It presents the prototyping efforts, including forest learning and imagery of forest problems learned about using RFID for mixed media interfaces.