论企业垄断——兼谈深化国有企业改革

垄断是企业或经济组织的一种存在形式，它可推动社会经济发展，亦可破坏社会经济秩序。我国无论中央国有企业还是地方国有企业，都不是依靠经济垄断、吞并民企或外企而形成的，而是通过国有企业并购重组、股权改革建立起来的，其存在的种种问题，应通过深化国有企业改革来解决。     

Parliamentary and presidential elections in Mongolia, 2012 and 2013

The 2012 Mongolian parliamentary election was historical as a new mixed-member majoritarian system was implemented. Compared with 2008, or even 2004, the 2012 election outcome indicates an at least tentative disruption of the bipolarisation of electoral politics in Mongolia. However, unlike in the past when the fragmentation of the party system was caused by the parties of the so-called “democratic camp”, the latest split occurred within the so-called “post-communist camp”. The presidential election took place on 26 June 2013. Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj of the Democratic Party was elected president and for the first time since the democratic transition of 1990, most executive and legislative powers shifted to the Democratic Party.     

开放出“法治中国”命题的问题域——《法治中国》对中国法理学研究与教学的启示意义

《法治中国——学习习近平总书记关于法治的重要论述》一书较为全面地开放出"法治中国"命题的问题域,且更新了法理学教材体系中对"法治论"部分的理论认识,是中国发展中法治的共时态学科回应之显现。从教材编撰的角度审视,该书具有典范意义,即沟通了法理学教学所必须直面的理论场域和实践场域这两个"意义世界"。     

公司章程“排除”公司法:立法表达与司法检视

我国现行《公司法》中的"公司章程另有规定,从其规定"条款,消解了实践中公司章程"排除"公司法相应条款的合法性危机。然而遗憾的是,对于公司法中的"另有规定"条款之立法筹划与司法裁判问题学界少有系统性研究。从实现章程自治的制度初衷而言,未来公司法规则之修订应充分利用"假设交易"方法、"遵守反之则解释"方法与"单向缺省"方法重新塑构其中的缺省性规范,以进一步明确并扩展公司章程可"排除"的规则范围;同时,相关案件之司法裁判应抛弃公司合同主义的裁判路径和初始章程与后续章程二元界分的裁判标准,转而采用"目的性标准"与"公正度标准",以团体法标准从实质意义上判别公司章程"排除"公司法决议的效力属性。     

扎实做好“三进”工作

用科学发展观教育武装当代大学生，提高他们思想政治素质，培养出政治合格的接班人，是高等院校肩负的义不容辞的重任。要采取措施，扎实做好科学发展观的“三进”工作。     

对知识分子政治问题的思考

知识分子政治问题事关全局。本文从知识分子阶级属性谈起。知识分子作为工人阶级一部分,基本的要求有两方面,一方面要使知识分子有与工人阶级平等的社会和政治地位,做到“政治上充分信任,工作上放手使用,生活上关心照顾。”这个方面我们取得的成效令人称道,当然还需要继续加强;另一方面,知识分子要增强工人阶级意识,坚持工人阶级立场,自觉担负起工人阶级历史使命和历史责任。这个方面虽然做了大量工作,有相当多成效,但还面临许多问题。本文列举了大量调查事实和实例加以分析,着重说明了在社会主义市场经济条件下,如何解决好知识分子思想政治倾向问题,理想信念问题,工人阶级意识问题等,是一个新课题、难题,忽视或解决不好后果严重。需要按照“三个代表”的理论加以研究和解决,对此本文作了初步分析。     

警察行政处罚权与人权的博弈

随着法治现代化的不断推进,人权保护逐渐成为当今社会发展的主题之一,警察行政执法领域中的人权保护更是受到社会的普遍关注。警察行政处罚权是“限制”还是“扩大”是正在审议中的《治安管理处罚法》讨论的焦点。在现代社会,警察作为管理者的强大权威,在其执法过程中不断暴露出来的对公民人权的侵犯。这个问题越来越成为社会关注的焦点,人们对警察行政处罚权的“扩”还是“限”的问题展开了广泛的博弈。从某一个层面上讲,博弈的目的就是为了在扩权和限权之间寻找合理的平衡。     

论江泽民创新思想

江泽民创新思想的形成经历了三个阶段,由自然科学领域到社会科学领域再到哲学领域,构建了创新思想体系,深化了对唯物史观的认识。"三个代表"重要思想是江泽民创新思想的集中体现和伟大成果。     

SELECTIVE INCAPACITATION,THREE STRIKES,AND THE PROBLEM OF AGING PRISON POPULATIONS: USING SIMULATION MODELING TO SEE THE FUTURE*

Research Summary: The growth of prison populations over the last three decades is a great source of concern for policy makers and observers. One mechanism by which this growth occurs is via sentencing reforms that extend length of stay for certain categories of offenders. This has the effect of aging prison populations, which is problematic for many reasons. Apart from the increased financial burdens entailed in caring for older prisoners, it is also important to consider the intent of reforms in evaluating them. Of late, sentencing reform has become increasingly focused on the selective incapacitation of dangerous offenders. Policies that have the effect of aging the prison population are problematic from this perspective due to the diminishing returns realized with respect to incapacitation as offenders age. Dynamic systems simulation analysis is employed to investigate the likely consequences of recent sentencing reforms that increase length of stay for some offenders. These analyses indicate that the effects of recent reforms may not be as dramatic as some observers have predicted, but they suggest that the consideration of alternatives to incarceration for elderly offenders is warranted from the standpoint of cost considerations as well as that of selective incapacitation. Policy Implications: The results indicate that California's Three Strikes law will not accelerate the rate of growth of the elderly prison population. However, even without increasing the proportional representation of elderly prisoners, the number of elderly prisoners is expected to grow substantially over the next three decades. These prisoners will strain criminal justice system resources while presenting little public safety threat. State criminal justice policy makers and their constituents should closely examine laws that impose very long stays without discretionary release, as these statutes may contribute to the production of elderly prisoners. This problem is particularly pronounced in Three Strikes and other habitual offender laws that use retrospective methods to identify habitual offenders. Additionally, the effects of reforms lengthening stay for some offenders must be considered in light of cumulative effects of sentencing reform resulting in changes to the demographic structure of the prison population overall. Dynamic systems simulation modeling is presented as a valuable policy‐making tool, as it allows the policy analyst to examine the potential impacts of laws in the absence of data suitable for conventional statistical analyses.     

"三个代表":马克思主义中国化的最新成果

江泽民同志“三个代表”思想是在科学分析国际、国内环境和党的地位所发生的重大变化的基础上适时提出的,符合马克思主义中国化的基本要求。“三个代表”思想是合乎时代发展趋势和中国实际需要的理论性创造,反映了马克思主义中国化的根本特质,蕴涵丰富的历史唯物主义与辩证法。“三个代表”思想是马克思主义中国化的最新成果,标志着马克思主义中国化一个新的历史性飞跃的起始。