Smart and secure borders through automated border control systems in the EU? The views of political stakeholders in the Member States

The European Commission launched the “Smart Borders” policy process in 2011 to enhance border security in the European Union (EU) using technologisation and harmonisation. This includes the use of automated border control (ABC) systems. The Member States crucially shape the process, weighing security technologies and costs, privacy and rights, and further institutional choices. We examine the views of political stakeholders in four Member States by conducting a systematic empirical and comparative study unprecedented in the existing, political-theory-inspired research. In our Q methodological experiments, political stakeholders in Finland, Romania, Spain and the UK rank-ordered a sample of statements on Smart Borders, ABC and harmonisation. The factor analysis of the results yielded three main views: the first criticising ABC as a security technology, the second welcoming the security gains of automation and the third opposing harmonised border control. While impeding harmonisation, the results offer a consensus facilitating common policy.     

Islands and a Carceral Environment: Maltese Policy in Terms of Irregular Migration

Although security has become a common framework for analyzing dispositifs that aim to control irregular migration, island spaces themselves are seldom considered as security dispositifs. The case of Malta, where detention is mandatory upon arrival, epitomizes what could be conceptualized as a “sentinel island” within the European Union. This article demonstrates how the interaction between political discourse, administrative practices, and migrants’ experiences contributes to turning the island into a form of total-institution setting. The empirical data is based on qualitative fieldwork that combines ethnographic observation, migrants’ individual narratives and semi-structured interviews conducted with European and national policy makers.     

贸易对中日韩经济周期协动性的影响研究

对中日韩贸易对经济周期协动性的影响进行分析,可以得出结论:双边贸易强度对经济周期协动性的影响取决于双边产业内贸易强度的大小。产业内贸易强度大,则双边贸易强度与经济周期协动性为正相关;产业内贸易强度小,则双边贸易强度与经济周期协动性为负相关。另外,中日贸易中纺织纱线等6种行业的贸易有助于提高经济周期协动性,而服装等2种行业的贸易降低经济周期协动性;中韩贸易中有色金属相关行业等6种行业的贸易有助于提高经济周期协动性,而塑料等2种行业的贸易降低经济周期协动性。     

中国与东盟贸易互补性与竞争性分析:2002～2009年

本文首先从进出口额、进出口增长速度及进出口额占各国进出口总额的比重几个方面对中国与东盟之间贸易进行分析,发现中国与东盟之间的贸易互补性日益增强.同时,通过对中国与东盟在自由贸易区之外的第三方市场上的出口相似度指数进行测算,表明中国与东盟出口结构趋同态势越来越显著,意味着中国与东盟在出口上越来越强劲的竞争性.文章对中国与东盟贸易方面存在的问题及前景进行了探讨.     

深化中国-东盟自由贸易区合作的总体思路与对策建议

经过10多年的建设发展,中国-东盟自由贸易区取得了显著成效。本文介绍中国-东盟自由贸易区发展现状,指出深化中国-东盟自由贸易区合作的总体方向,提出深化中国-东盟自由贸易区合作的对策措施。     

技术性贸易壁垒中贸易和环保的平衡

技术性贸易壁垒的合法、合理、适度使用已经成为当今WTO框架内涉及贸易自由化和环保平衡的重要问题之一。GATT第XX条为部分涉及环保的技术性贸易壁垒实施设立了条件和要求。《TBT协定》为涉及环保的技术性贸易壁垒的实施设立了指导原则和判断标准,但这些原则和标准的适用则是一个复杂的技术和法律的冲突和协调过程,贸易保护之目的和效果都会影响技术性贸易壁垒实施过程中贸易自由和环保措施之间的平衡。     

Policy and Non-Policy Barriers to Trade and Implicit Taxation of Exports in Uganda

Uganda has made significant progress in reducing policy-induced anti-export bias in its trade policy in the 1990s. Taxes on exports have been abolished, and import protection has been reduced considerably. Such trade barriers are only a component of thee transaction costs associated with trade. Poor infrastructure, notably by increasing transport costs, and institutional inefficiencies can significantly increase trade costs. The effective protection of imports, and implicit tax on exports, due to transport costs is calculated and compared to effective protection due to trade policy barriers for Uganda. The results reveal that transport costs are often very high, in many cases representing a greater cost (tax) to exporters than trade policy.     

浅析国际贸易与环境保护的关系

本文介绍国际贸易与环境保护的相互影响,阐述了经济全球化和WTO框架下环境保护的发展趋势,并针对我国的现状提出贸易与环保方面的对策。     

论国际法视野下中医药知识产权的保护

我们对于传统中医药知识产权的保护多从私权出发,从而忽视了国家在这一领域内应起的作用。本文试图说明国家在中医药知识产权国际保护中的地位应该得到加强,并且在不违背其所承担的国际义务的前提下,可以通过强化其外部贸易政策来实现这一目的。     

基于产业视角下的云南省与GMS五国贸易动因研究

本文在梳理云南省与澜沧江—大湄公河次区域(GMS)内的缅甸、柬埔寨、老挝、泰国、越南贸易发展状况的基础上,采用显性比较优势指数分析方法研究云南省与五国贸易持续发展的动因。本文研究得出:云南省与GMS五国存在的不同的产业比较优势是推动双方贸易持续发展的动因之一,在此基础上,本文提出云南省发展与GMS五国贸易的对策建议,包括充分发挥云南省的产业比较优势,优化贸易产品结构,积极建立跨境贸易人民币结算体系。