唐君毅论人文学术

人文学术是以人或自我(人是普遍地说,自我是特殊地说)的主体、精神、心灵的创造活动,其创造结果,一方面是成就各种不同的意义、价值,另一方面是成就各种相应的用以表达不同意义、价值的形式、技巧与风格;人文学科应于与自然科学、社会科学平等而无科学独尊的理由;人文教育是重要的公民教育、社会政治教育.这是唐君毅的人文学术观,它在西...     

The distribution of individual cabinet positions in coalition governments: A sequential approach

Multiparty government in parliamentary democracies entails bargaining over the payoffs of government participation, in particular the allocation of cabinet positions. While most of the literature deals with the numerical distribution of cabinet seats among government parties, this article explores the distribution of individual portfolios. It argues that coalition negotiations are sequential choice processes that begin with the allocation of those portfolios most important to the bargaining parties. This induces conditionality in the bargaining process as choices of individual cabinet positions are not independent of each other. Linking this sequential logic with party preferences for individual cabinet positions, the authors of the article study the allocation of individual portfolios for 146 coalition governments in Western and Central Eastern Europe. The results suggest that a sequential logic in the bargaining process results in better predictions than assuming mutual independence in the distribution of individual portfolios.     

Violence in development: the logic of forced displacement on Colombia's Pacific coast

A progressive piece of legislation in 1993 granted collective land rights to Colombia's black communities living in the rural areas of the Pacific coast region. This measure aimed partly to support sustainable development strategies in the region through territorial empowering of local communities. Yet 14 years later, the escalation of the country's internal conflict into the Pacific region has created unprecedented levels of forced displacement among rural black communities. Once referred to as a ‘peace haven’, the Colombian Pacific coast is now characterised by new spaces of violence and terror, imposed by warring guerrilla and paramilitary groups, as well as the armed forces. This article examines the nature of the externally induced violence in the region and shows how specific economic interests, in particular in the African Palm sector, are colluding with illegal groups that are used to spread fear and terror among local residents, to make them comply with the requirements of these economic actors.     

唯物辩证地看待现代西方哲学的创新理论

现代西方哲学包括人本主义、科学主义以及实用主义等派别。人本主义崇尚人的自由自觉特性,科学主义总结了人类思维发展的规律,实用主义提出了一切行动的评判原则,三者结合为创新营造了积极的文化价值氛围。唯物辩证法地看待现代西方哲学的创新理论,我们可以得出如下结论:个性自由是对传统束缚的“破”,科学思维方式是创新模式的“立”,重视结果与效用指出了创新的方向,现代西方哲学诸流派在对旧文化的扬弃中,在打破与重构、对立与统一中重建了创新价值系统。     

论清末法制变革的脱中入西倾向与西学影响

中国对西学的认识经历了由表及里的过程。作为政治体制重要构成的法律制度 ,同步经历了被动接受西方法学思想 ,到最终对西方法律体系的认知。这种由封建宗法法律制度向近代西方法律体系的转变 ,虽然有其残酷和痛苦的一面 ,但同时也有其进步的一面 ,这就是西学东渐、东西法律文化冲撞的最终结果。同时也标志着传承 2 0 0 0余年的中华法系到清末已近解体 ,封闭的、内国法为主的中国法律制度走上了近代法制的道路。     

现代西方哲学的流变及启示（上）

19世纪中叶以来科学技术的发展和社会的巨大变革、哲学必须适应时代而予以范式转型的内在需要,使黑格尔哲学过渡到现代西方哲学,并使之出现了欧洲大陆哲学和英美分析哲学的分野。现代西方哲学已经明显地不同于过去那种包罗万象、一统天下的哲学,它分化多元,演变迅速。我们要在准确把握西方哲学本质的基础上,积极借鉴它的成果,努力把哲学研究与中国现实结合起来,为创建有中国特色的哲学理论作出贡献。     

对中国文化传播理论体系的构建前瞻

西方超级媒体主导、控制了全球的传播格局,这既不利于世界正确地解读中国,也不利于中国正确地解读世界。误读与被误读造成东西方文化相互传播的碰撞。要改变不对称的东西方文化传播格局,中国需要提升软实力以谋求在全球传播体系中和平崛起。而对于文化传播持续发展的前瞻性及构建中国文化传播理论体系的探讨不能长期停留在自发状态,中国传媒应积极推动文化传播理论系统化的进程。     

Words count: taking a count of the changing language of British aid

A word analysis of six UK government White Paper policy statements on aid (selected between 1960 and 2006) compares the top 20 words and key word pairs used in each document. Characteristic sentences are composed of the top 20s to represent the spirit of each paper. Results illuminate changes in the content of White Papers on aid, and point to trends in the history of the UK's approach to international development. A characteristic sentence to illustrate the 2005 Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness is contrasted with a sentence of words that did not appear in that document. Readers are invited and challenged to identify words they would like to be used and acted on more commonly in development.     

Translation in cross-cultural research: an example from Bolivia

Translation raises ethical and epistemological dilemmas inherent in cross-cultural research. The process of communicating research participants' words in a different language and context may impose another conceptual scheme on their thoughts. This may reinforce the hegemonic terms that Development Studies should seek to challenge. The article explores the idea that a reflexive approach to translation can not only help to overcome the difficulties involved in cross-cultural research, but also be a tool with which to deconstruct hegemonic theory. It addresses the epistemological and political problems in translation, techniques of translation, and the impact of translation on the author's own research, which is used to illustrate some of the ways in which translation can support deconstruction and highlight the importance of building a framework for talking with rather than for research participants.     

(Re‐)join the party! The effects of direct democracy on party membership in Europe

It has been argued that political parties are in decline. While they used to be responsible for connecting citizens to the state by translating their preferences into policies, they have increasingly become part of the state, acting as governors instead. While this perspective emphasises parties’ representative function, it is less clear what their role is in a more direct democratic context. Parties may gain support due to such context, but they may also be seen increasingly redundant in a situation where citizens can co‐decide directly. Focusing on party membership, this study tests these rival expectations on a panel of 16 West European democracies over the period 1980–2008 and finds that parties tend to have higher levels of party membership in a direct democratic context. The usage of referendums, however, does not contribute to this effect.