Apartheid Policing: examining the US migrant labour system through a South African Lens

This article draws a parallel between the Apartheid regime in South Africa and the post-IRCA immigration regime in the USA. I argue that both regimes were organised around Apartheid Policing, which may be defined as a legal process consisting of three mutually reinforcing mechanisms: differentiation of migrants into non-citizen insiders with legal residence rights and non-citizen outsiders without them; stabilisation of migrants as permanent or long-term residents, enabling the growth of the migrant workforce; and marginalisation of migrants as politically vulnerable outsiders, including exploitation at work. But the two regimes were supported by different political and ideological apparatuses. While placing a disproportionate burden on Latino migrants, the post-IRCA immigration regime differed from the Apartheid regime in that it was not organised around an explicit racial hierarchy, and offered non-citizens a greater array of rights. As a result, Apartheid Policing under the post-IRCA immigration regime is potentially more politically sustainable.     

Theorising noncitizenship: concepts,debates and challenges

Abstract

Existing political theory, particularly which deals with justice and/or rights, has long assumed citizenship as a core concept. Noncitizenship, if it is considered at all, is generally defined merely as the negation or deprivation of citizenship. As such, it is difficult to examine successfully the status of noncitizens, obligations towards them, and the nature of their role in political systems. This article addresses this critical gap by defining the theoretical problem that noncitizenship presents and demonstrating why it is an urgent concern. It surveys the contributions to the special issue for which the article is an introduction, drawing on cross-cutting themes and debates to highlight the importance of theorising noncitizenship due to both the problematic gap that exists in the theoretical literature, and the real world problems created as a result of noncitizenship which are not currently successfully addressed. Finally, the article discusses key future directions for the theorisation of noncitizenship.     

大学制度改革倾向性的分析

处于不同时代、不同文化传统与社会背景之下发生的大学制度改革,在性质、趋向、内容等方面存在着较大的差别.引起大学制度改革的主要因素和大学制度改革的目的,往往规定了大学制度改革的趋向,使其带有明显的倾向性.就历史上曾经发生过的以及当代的大学制度改革来看,大致存在着这样几种倾向性,即学术倾向性、政治倾向性、经济倾向性.分析这些倾向性将有助于我们加深对大学制度改革的理解与认识.     

中西治学方式之差异

中西治学方式的差异主要表现在三方面 :一是在处理“学” (基础理论研究 )与“术” (应用研究 )关系时有所不同。西方的“学”与“术”是两种不同的层次 ,两者分工明确 ,而且紧密结合。而中国则“学”、“术”不分或有“术”无“学”。二是在对待“博”与“专”的关系时有差异。西方学者大多“先专后博” ,即先进入某一个领域 ,进行深入、细致的研究 ,做出成果后再扩大知识面。中国传统的学者多为“先博后专” ,即先打好扎实的基础 ,掌握广博的知识 ,然后再进入某一个专业领域进行研究。三是研究的注重点不同 ,即“点”与“面”的差异。所谓“点” ,即研究的视角集中在社会或文化的某一要素或某一主题 ;所谓“面” ,即研究的视角大多是一个专题或一个领域。西方学术注重“点” ,而中国学术强调“面”。     

国际经济法理论的多元视角

当代国际经济法应该具有多元开放的法学视角和理论进路,例如,法律视角、经济视角、政治视角、历史视角、人权视角、哲学视角、发展视角、可持续发展视角,等等。Jackson的实用主义宪法制度分析、Petersmann的理想主义自由宪政分析、Qureshi的全球化多元综合法律分析为国际经济法学术领域的三种主要视角。国际经济法的理论多元标志着国际经济法学术开始走出理论的幼稚和贫困,迈向理论的成熟和繁荣,进而超越概念之争,进入理论之争,乃至开启范式之争。     

The changes in the migration patterns in the post-Soviet states: the first decade

Following a short-term burst of migration activity after the dissolution of the USSR, the current situation is marked by the unusually low population territorial mobility, defined by both the political and, increasingly, the socioeconomic factors. While this trend indicates some degree of minority accommodation, it also demonstrates the depth of economic crisis and increasing socioeconomic differentiation. Visible also is the disproportionate influence exercised by Russia on the formation of migration flows in the region. Remaining the major recipient of migrants, Russia increasingly plays a role of supplier of labor migrants to the West, and acts as a “bridge” for those attempting to reach Western Europe. Meanwhile, Russia still lacks an effective legislative base, institutional mechanisms, and political will for dealing with the new migration flows.     

社会科学界要珍惜和培养无形合作精神

无形合作是人们对学术争论的一种褒扬性表述 ,它对促进学术交流、推动理论的发展有积极意义。目前我国社会科学界在这方面做得还不够。建立学术争鸣的政策保障机制对促进学术争鸣有积极作用 ;在学术争论中要有正确的目的 ,要从团结和澄清事实的愿望出发开展学术争论 ;在学术争论中要培养高尚的道德风尚 ;要注意营造学术争鸣的气氛。     

论犯罪心理学的研究对象

研究犯罪心理学的根本目的是为了揭示犯罪原因,进行犯罪预测、预防和控制,其狭义和广义之争并不妨碍这一目的的实现。犯罪心理学的研究对象受学科发展状况、研究目的和学科话语霸权的影响。文章从这三个角度出发,对研究对象的狭义说和广义说进行考证,认为犯罪心理学的研究对象仍应立足于狭义说,并兼顾广义说。     

高考移民现象的宪法学分析

近几年来,高考移民现象的出现严重破坏了正常的教育考试秩序,损害了考生平等受教育权,也滋生了教育领域的腐败,目前各地采取“封堵”的对策来制裁高考移民,保护本地考生利益。本文试图从高考移民产生的原因入手,结合宪法学基本理论分析这一现象涉及的深层次问题,并提出相应解决办法。     

当代中国人口迁移的裂变

迁移行为是人口最基本的行为之一,是引起社会结构与功能变化的主要因素,人口迁移的裂变是其发挥功能的主要手段。现代化是社会发展的必然趋势,亦是这种裂变的必然成果。和平与发展是当代世界的主旋律,为我国人口迁移与裂变提供了良好环境。人口迁移的裂变在经过历史的积淀后,必将爆发,释放出推动社会飞跃的巨大能量,为实现现代化铺奠基石。