Understanding European asylum cooperation under the Schengen/Dublin system: a public goods framework

Abstract

Recent developments in European Union (EU) asylum cooperation raise important questions about the nature of cooperation and the potential problems facing collective action in the realm of EU internal security. The emergence and the subsequent stability of the Schengen/Dublin system is especially puzzling, given the highly inequitable distribution of costs and benefits that this system entails among the participating states and begs the question as to why those states that are likely to face a disproportionate ‘burden’ under the system would have agreed to it. This article seeks to provide an alternative approach to answering this question by drawing on a public goods framework. We argue that a simple focus on free-riding and exploitation dynamics, as emphasized in the traditional collective action literature, falls short as an explanation and instead demonstrates how more recent theoretical contributions to the public goods literature can offer new insights into the origin and evolution in cooperation in this sensitive policy area.     

When a pariah party exploits its demonised status: the 2019 Finnish general election

Abstract

The governing Centre and Conservative parties played the ‘economy’ card – we’ve got Finland ‘back into shape’; the green parties, the Greens and Left Alliance, played the ‘climate change’ card, demanding action to go with the talk; the Social Democrats played the ‘caring’ card and the need for a Finland that cares for the elderly, the low-paid and young persons; the Finns Party in contrast played the ‘no one likes us, we don’t care’ card, seeking to exploit its pariah status for electoral gain. The adoption of a siege mentality strategy, designed to capitalise on its ostracised position, served to mobilise protest support and the Finns Party came within a whisker of beating the Social Democrats into second place. The Social Democrats then turned the clock back and put together the type of left?centre (‘red mud’) coalition that had characterised Finnish governments for half a century from the mid-1930s onwards.     

International support for action on climate change and democracy: exploring complementarities

International support for democracy and climate action (mitigation; adaptation; addressing climate loss and restoring damage) are two distinct spheres: motivations, purposes, activities and the relevant literatures exist independently of one another. This article challenges this separation by investigating the scope for policy complementarities that potentially could further both democracy support’s objectives and climate action. Findings that address possible future scenarios where global warming exceeds safe limits or where democracy and democratisation are threatened by climate change impacts are worth exploring. The article’s provisional findings are mixed but provide grounds for believing that democracy support and democratisation potentially could gain from taking support for climate action into consideration and that climate action might benefit too.     

从一起争议案件看不作为犯罪的“保证人”与共同过失犯罪

先行行为是不作为犯罪的义务来源之一。在以先行行为为义务来源的不作为犯罪中,先行行为赋予行为人以保证人的地位,而正是此地位能够更好地解释以先行行为为义务来源的不作为犯罪何以构成犯罪。基于主客观相统一原则和罪刑均衡原则,共同过失犯罪应当得到立法和理论的认可。而对共同过失犯罪亦应如共同故意犯罪那样予以定罪量刑。     

构建我国域名与商标权纠纷解决机制

域名作为网络的"门牌号",有着自己的属性。注册一个域名,可以用它来发布信息、刊登广告、交友聊天等等,这个小小的域名蕴含着无限的潜能。域名作为新的媒介,与传统的知识产权领域的商标、商号等发生冲突,特别是域名权益与商标权之间纠纷成为域名纠纷的主要问题。目前统一域名纠纷解决政策(UDRP),是国际域名纠纷解决机制最权威的依据。我国没有制定如同UDRP那样详尽的关于域名与商标权纠纷的解决规定。     

《〈民事诉讼法〉修改决定》评析——兼论我国《民事诉讼法》的修改

《民事诉讼法》修改是众望所归的事,但以《〈民事诉讼法〉修改决定》的形式通过却有点出乎大家的意料。《〈民事诉讼法〉修改决定》有其创新之处,但其暴露的不足也是显而易见的。应当尽快启动对《民事诉讼法》的全面修改程序,将其打造成一部既有前瞻性又有特色的能很好服务于民事诉讼的法律。     

中药复方专利侵权诉讼中公知技术抗辩研究——兼评“天士力诉万成侵犯专利权”案

公知技术抗辩是专利侵权诉讼中被告保护自己利益的有效手段。用以抗辩的公知技术是指专利申请日之前已有的、处于公知状态的技术,但不必是可自由使用的技术。公知技术抗辩是否成立的判断应采用"二者比较创造说"。在既符合等同侵权又存在公知技术抗辩的情况下,应当优先适用公知技术抗辩。     

三种刑事审判对象模式之比较研究

英美法系诉因模式的基本特点是刑事审判对象是诉因,法官和检察官原则上无权变更诉因;大陆法系公诉事实模式的基本特点是刑事审判对象是公诉事实,法官有权在公诉事实同一的范围内变更指控罪名;日本公诉事实同一下的诉因模式的基本特点是刑事审判对象是诉因,检察官有权在公诉事实同一范围内变更诉因。三种刑事审判对象模式之间的差异导致它们在不同诉讼价值的实现上各有优劣,刑事审判对象模式上的差异根源于审判方式上的差异。随着审判方式的相互吸收和融合,刑事审判对象模式之间的差异逐渐变小。     

环境侵权民事诉讼举证责任分配之比较研究

在环境侵权民事诉讼中,举证责任分配的合理与否关系到环境法目的的实现和环境诉讼程序价值的发挥.但传统举证责任分配理论对环境诉讼而言具有不适应性.因此,两大法系对环境诉讼都发展了举证责任分配理论.通过比较考察发现,环境诉讼的举证责任分配应当按照公平正义原则,结合环境诉讼的特点,从举证难易程度、环境立法宗旨、平等保护和环境侵权纠纷的多样性等因素来综合衡量.相比之下,我国环境案件举证责任分配的慕本规则还存在诸多缺陷,因此应规定较为开放的举证责任分配制度原则.