我国《反不正当竞争法》中的消费者权益保护问题探讨

维护自由公平的竞争秩序与保护消费者权益实质是一个问题的两个方面。我国《反不正当竞争法》将消费者权益保护作为立法目标之一,并将消费者合法权益是否受损作为不正当竞争行为的认定标准之一,但由于消费者概念不明确,又缺乏直接的救济手段,该法的立法与实践出现了落差。不正当竞争行为认定中的消费者标准不宜套用《消费者权益保护法》中的消费者概念,同时在司法救济上,应赋予消费者以消费者组织的名义进行团体诉讼的有限诉权。只有这样才更能体现反不正当竞争法的立法宗旨。     

乡村振兴背景下农村留守群体的困境、风险与治理

近几年,中国农村留守群体总量在下降,但庞大的留守群体基数及其背后所彰显的乡村治理价值仍具有研究意义。作为乡村传统主体的留守人口在城乡关系的治理博弈中存在资本动力、人际情感、伦理精神、主体理性和价值认同的风险,并在集体行动中得以呈现。而化解留守群体集体行动的风险在于打造全县域治理共同体、完善社会支持帮扶机制、建立村级生态治理体系、锻造基层党组织组织力、重构乡村现代文化体认。     

The end of emancipation? CTS and normativity

ABSTRACT

Although CTS can be described as a broad church, scholars working within this approach want to produce knowledge which can help shape, improve, change, or replace contemporary counterterrorism. Guided by Marx’s mantra that the point of theory is not only to interpret the world but to change it, CTS has since its inception challenged the status quo of contemporary counterterrorism on the basis that it is possible to conduct counterterrorism differently, more humanly, and, put plainly, better. The concept of emancipation was identified early on as the foundation and basis for knowledge. However, a deeper debate on emancipation has largely been absent since 2010. Could it be that CTS exhausted the debate on one of its core commitments only five years into its existence? Have we reached the end of emancipation? Or could it be that emancipation is not that attractive at all for CTS and its normative projects? This article begins with a review and a state-of-the-art discussion of emancipation within CTS. While it might be the end of emancipation in its traditional conceptualisation, the article argues that emancipation can be retained as the basis for normative theorising and action within CTS when reconceptualised as a Weberian value-axiom. The article concludes by exploring a transfiguration of the concept of emancipation itself.     

公民生态知行转化困境归因及克服路径

公民生态意识难以有效转化为自觉自发的生态行为,是当前我国生态文明建设及生态文明教育进程中的显著困境之一。克服公民生态知行转化困境是减轻生态危机、推进生态文明建设、塑造生态公民的必然要求。通过分析生态意识与生态行为之间的辩证关系,以及生态知行合一在伦理价值层面的本质要求可知,完成生态意识内化、形成生态行为自觉是实现生态知行合一的关键。而社会经济发展水平的制约、功利化社会价值观的冲击和公民生态伦理教育自身的缺陷则是造成公民生态意识不能有效内化、生态行为驱动力不足的根本原因。推动经济高质量发展、完善公民生态伦理教育体系、充分发挥大众媒体的传播动员作用则是解决困境的可能路径。     

中国版证券集团诉讼制度研究--以新《证券法》第95条第3款为分析对象

新《证券法》第95条第3款确立了我国证券民事纠纷领域由投资者保护机构主导的"默示加入、明示退出"集团诉讼制度。美国律师主导的退出制集团诉讼、我国台湾地区投资者保护机构主导的加入制团体诉讼,以及我国香港地区证券监管部门主导的证券民事赔偿制度,均取得了不错的实践效果。我国证券集团诉讼作为一项新事物,存在缺乏相应的程序性设计、投保机构的性质和职责不够明确、律师在集团诉讼中的角色定位不够清晰等不足。结合域外集团诉讼经验和我国具体实际,建议细化证券集团诉讼的案件选取、适格原告登记、原告退出权公告、法院审理判决、赔偿金支付等诉讼流程,明确投保机构公益性质及其诉讼代表人职责,并鼓励律师参与集团诉讼。     

Dead-Letter Regimes in the Post-Soviet Space: Strategies and Communication

ABSTRACT

This article explores why dead-letter regimes, sets of norms and institutions with low efficiency and few expectations of tangible output, have become an enduring feature of international politics in the post-Soviet space. It focuses on the Collective Security Treaty Organization and the Eurasian Economic Union, the two regional regimes promoted by Russia. The article analyzes their emergence and evolution, normative frameworks, performance and member states’ expectations. It argues that, while mostly failing as instruments of strategic action, these regimes have become conduits of communicative action and arenas enabling member states to enact specific international roles.     

消费公益诉讼原告主体的扩张与完善

目前,我国提起消费公益诉讼原告范围的规定过窄,阻碍了消费公益诉讼发挥应有价值。基于公益诉讼原告资格扩张的理论,消费公益诉讼的诉讼主体呈现广泛性的特点。公民提起消费公益诉讼可以弥补“官方组织”提起消费公益诉讼的不足,充分发挥律师在消费公益诉讼中的作用。应在借鉴美国消费者集体诉讼制度的基础上,确认公民具有提起消费公益诉讼的资格。     

代表人诉讼制度的反思与重构

代表人诉讼制度具有其他诉讼方式难以替代的独到的公共利益实现功能。代表人诉讼分为代表人共同诉 讼和代表人集团诉讼,前者是在共同诉讼的前提和基础上发展而来,后者则突破了共同诉讼的极限,在不要求所有的人 起诉的前提下,由代表人代表集团起诉,进行集团诉讼。     

金融诈骗犯罪主观目的诉讼证明困境与出路论

金融诈骗犯罪主观目的的内涵与证明标准和证明程度是判断金融欺诈行为是否构成犯罪的关键。长期以来理论界的众说纷纭导致了诉讼证明的困难重重 ,进而导致了司法实践的主观随意。为公正合理地处理金融诈骗犯罪案件 ,解决诉讼证明的司法困境 ,需要在刑法中对金融诈骗的犯罪构成进行分段规制 ;并需规范推定的司法适用     

论学校教育管理权纠纷的可诉性及应诉性

学校是行政诉讼法中规定的法律、法规授权组织,其对学生的处分决定是授权组织作出的具体行政行为。学校对学生的勒令退学、开除学籍处分将影响到学生的受教育权利,而受教育权利从其本质上看是一种身份权,属于人身权的范畴。对于学校教育管理权纠纷的应诉性是由受教育权的权利属性以及社会现实性所决定的。