关于我国刑事诉讼中人权保障问题之研究

当前在我国有关刑事司法改革特别是刑事诉讼中人权保障问题的讨论中,理论界有不少学者过于关注犯罪嫌疑人和刑事被告人的人权保障问题,相反却忽视了对刑事被害人、证人、举报人及特殊诉讼主体———警察的人权保障研究,有的甚至大声疾呼要"削弱"警察权,从而使部分学者陷入了"只有限制警察权才能保护人权"的怪圈,警察人权保障状况趋于恶化,而被害人、证人、举报人的人权保障也有被进一步边缘化的趋势。为此,应对刑事诉讼中的人权保障问题研究予以反思,以引起我国理论界、立法机关和公安、司法实务部门的关注,确保我国刑事司法改革与人权保障研究沿着科学、正确的轨道前进。     

当代美国利益集团的内在运行机制--质疑奥尔森的集体行动逻辑

利益集团是政治学理论研究的一个重要行为体,在美国政治科学领域甚至形成为利益集团的研究路径.但是,对于利益集团的内在运作机制问题,学术界一直众说纷纭,莫衷一是.关于利益集团的内在机制问题,奥尔森运用经济学的方法对集体行动的逻辑特别是经济利益集团提供了有限的解释,并没有覆盖非经济利益集团的集体行动问题.真正周延地解决集体行动的逻辑,必须综合解决人们为什么愿意加入利益集团、集团意见的整合及其组织领导等问题,美国的政治生态为利益集团的生长和活跃提供了这些条件.     

Efficient,Adaptable Simulations: A Case Study of a Climate Negotiation Game

Instructors may be reluctant to adopt simulations because of time, labor, or material constraints, or perceived incompatibility with large classes. In fact, simple games can cover multiple key concepts with minimal time and effort by the instructor. Simple games are also adaptable to other topics and classes, including large lectures. This article presents a simulation in which students negotiate a global greenhouse gas reduction agreement. Three scenarios model basic climate change mitigation, follow-on agreements for climate stabilization, and the surprise withdrawal of signatories after a domestic leadership turnover (e.g., the 2016 U.S. presidential election). The simulation teaches key concepts such as anarchy, collective action, preference divergence, and commitment problems. Concepts such as institutions, identity, and levels of analysis arise organically from game play. The exercise has extremely low cost and setup time. It can be run in 15 minutes or extended for a full class period. The game may also be repurposed to simulate other bargaining or collective action issues. This case study shows that simulations can be efficient and adaptable. Instructors can create their own simple games to enhance comprehension of key concepts.     

Political incentives and transaction costs of collaboration among US cities for economic development

This study extends research on Institutional Collective Action by testing a transaction cost explanation for self-organising economic development agreements between US cities. We offer a unique contribution to this literature by identifying how these agreements between cities with similar political institutions mitigate the transaction costs of collaboration, and how characteristics of these agreements combine with political institutions to shape collective action. The results of an empirical analysis of data collected through a survey of local officials suggest the alignment of high-powered political incentives between cities mitigates the coordination and division problems of forming a joint venture. Agreements that enable elected officials to distribute the benefits of an agreement are also found to moderate this effect.     

Heroic Action and Its Discontents: Safe Horizon’s Response to 9/11

Based on first-hand qualitative research, this article describes and analyzes the significant role that a local, New York City-based social service agency played in responding to 9/11; the sources of its notable ability to provide assistance to individuals and families affected by this terrorist attack; and the structural strains and unanticipated divisions within the agency that the heroism of its fervid engagement nevertheless engendered.

转型时期中国工会研究方法评析

在对转型时期中国工会经验进行一般性理论概括时,需要将结构/制度分析与行动/机制分析结合起来,才能形成对中国工会的客观准确的理解和解释,进而对中国工会未来变革和发展提出恰当可行的政策建议.现有研究大多没能将结构/制度分析与行动/机制分析结合起来,而且绝大多数都缺乏对研究方法的讨论.     

犯罪数额的累计计算

累计计算犯罪数额是司法实践中经常遇到的问题。正确计算犯罪数额关系到定罪量刑的准确性。累计计算数额不仅要区分行为属于一般违法行为还是犯罪行为,还要考虑刑事处罚与行政处罚的衔接。现行累计计算数额的规定存在诸多不足,应该予以修改和完善。     

警察临战活动的经济学解读

经济学的逻辑前提是经济人假设,强调将人们的各种行为因素纳入成本—收益核算模式之中。运用成本—收益分析方法,可以为警察机关的临战活动提供有益的参考。将成本—收益理论应用于警察临战实践,在于为警察临战活动提供一个良好的评判标准,而且用效益所体现和蕴含的理性价值可以透视现实警察临战机制的某些缺陷、警察临战理论研究的滞后。对警察临战活动进行经济学解读,目的就在于要以效益观为指导,以警察临战资源的优化配置为基础,结合警察临战活动成本投入的现状提出改进措施。     

试论我国抽象行政行为的司法审查

阐释抽象行政行为司法审查的意义,考察各国对抽象行政行为司法审查的规定,分析抽象行政行为司法审查的必要性,结合我国实际情况提出了抽象行政行为司法审查的几点意见。     

基层警务绩效评价的价值基础

基层警务绩效评价的核心问题是警察行为价值,其衡量指标为相对明晰的投入与相对不明晰的产出的比较。本文认为,基层警务绩效评价体系应包含公安预算上的价值判断、警务成本收益分析、公安内部绩效考核指标等,建立绩效评价结果与责任追究制度和警察切身利益挂钩是警务绩效评价的目标要求。