Organizations,Credibility, and the Psychology of Collective Action

Political organizations frequently attempt to recruit sympathetic citizens to support their causes. Doing so requires communicating credibility—that is, persuading potential new supporters that they can actually achieve the goals they set out to achieve. In this article we investigate two of the predominant kinds of information that organizations might use to establish credibility: retrospective information (about past successes) and prospective information (about future plans). Using one field experiment and one survey experiment, we find that retrospective information fails to increase people’s willingness to spend scarce resources supporting political organizations. We find that this occurs because information about past successes suggests that the organization can succeed without any additional help. In contrast, we find that prospective information motivates new participants to become active.     

UNSC Resolution 1325 national action plans in Liberia and Sierra Leone: An analysis of gendered power relations in hybrid peacebuilding

This paper considers how the use of ‘hybridity’ in the peacebuilding literature overlooks the gendered dimensions of hybrid interactions. It does so by examining the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) Resolution 1325 national action plans (NAPs) for Liberia and Sierra Leone. By asking the gendered questions of ‘who participates?’ and ‘how do they participate?’ it draws from Mac Ginty’s conception of hybridity and traces the compliance and incentivizing power in hybridized peace, as well as the ability of local actors to resist and provide alternatives. However, Mac Ginty’s model is found to be inadequate because of its inattention to the gendered nature of power. It is found that with a gendered approach to hybridity, it is easier to trace the processes of hybridization of NAPs in post-conflict states where their implementation is limited. In asking the questions of ‘who’ and ‘how’, three conclusions about the gendered nature of hybrid peacebuilding are drawn: international intervention relies upon the ‘feminization’ of local actors; issues framed within the realm of the ‘masculine’ are more likely to get attention; and the Resolution 1325 agenda in post-conflict states can be subverted by framing it as a ‘soft’ issue.     

性别歧视的界定

歧视现象,近年来越来越泛地受到关注.性别歧视、劳动歧视、地域歧视、乙肝歧视、身高歧视……人们在日常生活中的诸多领域发现了不平等、不公平的现象,宪法中的"人人平等"原则从一个抽象而空泛的规定突然变和触手可及.性别歧视作为常见的歧视形式,尤其引起了人们的关注.界定歧视的概念,制定有关歧视的法律,确立禁止歧视的原则,建立有效的事后救济途径,动员立法、司法机关以及社会各界力量,提供积极措施,通过赋予被歧视者以合法权利的方式,消除两性歧视,是法学研究面临的重大课题之一.目前,深化对性别歧视问题的讨论,是尽快启动性别歧视立法程序,推动社会和谐进步的有效步骤.     

什么是我们时代的真问题——邓正来结构分析之前提批判

对邓正来文本的分析集中于以下这样一个问题,也即世界结构能否自然而然地作用于中国?这是一个需要进行考问的前提性问题.在中国结构本身无法成功地组织自身的情境之下,它也就很难成功地与世界结构进行良性互动.以上分析,都基于中国结构内卷化倾向;与此同时,也对世界结构之下的中国结构之政治维度进行了分析.在此基础上,总结了对邓正来文本的批判性理解.     

再议我国刑事普通程序简化审

刑事普通程序简化审程序是具有中国特色的有罪答辩程序 ,该程序迎合了当今国际刑事诉讼立法的发展趋势 ,在我国无论从理论上还是从实践上都具备构建的必要性和合理性 ,同时 ,还必须建立相应的配套机制 ,真正实现公正和效率两大诉讼目标。     

Inter-municipal cooperation in the case of spillovers: evidence from Western German municipalities

ABSTRACT

This paper examines the question: Does the existence of regional spillovers have an impact on the emergence of inter-municipal cooperation (IMC) in tourism marketing? We use data from a survey conducted among Western German municipalities merged with official statistics regarding municipalities’ fiscal, political and demographic situation, as well as tourism-related characteristics. We are the first to apply a hazard model explaining the emergence of IMC. This method has serious advantages over the previously used methods. Surprisingly, our results show that especially municipalities with the opportunity to free ride start IMC more likely than municipalities without this opportunity. Apparently, under certain circumstances, municipalities are better off starting IMC than free riding.     

公平诉讼观与诚实信用原则

传统诉讼竞技观将诉讼视作敌对双方之争 ,不仅存在着诉讼观念上的严重偏差 ,也损害了诉讼的公平理念。公平诉讼观的确立 ,与诚实信用原则得以适用于民事诉讼有着密不可分的关系。弘扬民事诉讼法上的诚实信用精神 ,确立我国的公平诉讼观 ,主要体现在禁止权利滥用、禁止伪证、保护经济上弱者及律师的诚信代理等若干方面     

海事诉讼中几个法律概念的辨析

随着海事诉讼的程序逐步走向规范和成熟,海事诉讼中专有的法律概念,也由模糊变得清晰。本文针对实践中容易混淆的“活扣押”与“死扣押”、“重复扣押”与“再次扣押”、“申请人担保”与“反担保”这样的一些概念进行了深入的辨析,以便于司法实践中准确理解和把握。     

行政强制证据制度初探

行政强制证明对象包括实体性事实和程序性事实。行政强制程序中,行政机关依职权调查案件事实,承担案件事实的证明责任,但并不排除社会公众、当事人提供证据的权利和责任,也不排除社会公众协助的义务。行政强制措施不能确定过高证明标准,强制性行政检查措施应当采用“有理由的相信”证明标准,应急性行政强制措施应当确定“合理根据”证明标准。行政强制执行应当采用排除合理怀疑证明标准。     

防暴警察反恐怖行动中特种武器装备及其运用

防暴警察是维护国家安全和社会稳定的一支重要武装力量,在反恐怖行动中发挥着“拳头”和“尖刀”作用。文章分析了防暴警察反恐怖行动的特点;围绕防暴警察反恐怖行动的任务需要,探讨了反恐怖行动中的几种特种武器装备及其运用。