论巴塞尔协议在我国的实施与我国金融法制的完善

本文分析了巴塞尔协议的主要内容，该协议在我国实施的意义和难点。探讨了如何有效实施该协议，促进我国金融法制建设的问题，并提出加快巴塞尔协议的实施，完善金融立法和金融监管体系的建议。     

受贿罪客观方面比较研究——以“职务行为”、“受贿方式”为中心

“职务行为”、“受贿方式”是受贿罪客观方面的重要组成部分。职务行为从主体上看包括本人及他人的职务,从时间上看只指利用现时职务的便利,刑法应增设职前受贿罪和职后受贿罪;受贿方式包括收受、期约、索取等三种。     

行政诉讼中“和解协议”制度分析——制度比较和构建的视角

行政诉讼和解的目的在于节省司法资源,尽快结束诉讼,这符合构建和谐诉讼的理念。和解协议在性质上既具有行政法上的性质,又具有诉讼法上的性质。经确认的和解协议具有与生效判决相同的效力。当和解协议存在瑕疵时,结合我国行政诉讼法的立法现状,通过再审来启动救济程序。     

人民调解制度的创新与发展

进入21世纪以后,我国人民调解无论在立法上,还是在实务中,都出现了比较大的创新,人民调解组织不再局限于村委会和居委会的人民调解委员会;人民调解员不再局限于村民委员会成员、居民委员会成员及群众选举产生的公民;人民调解协议具有合同效力;人民调解与诉讼（司法）实现了有效衔接与对接。在调解全球化的趋势下,要保持我国人民调解的活力,并发挥更大的作用,有必要进一步明确人民调解在我国纠纷解决体系中的地位,更好地处理好人民调解与诉讼的关系,深刻把握人民调解的正当性基础,严格规范人民调解员的行为。     

《鹿特丹规则》“法定仲裁地”规定研究

仲裁地通常由当事人在仲裁协议中约定,《鹿特丹规则》则规定对承运人提起索赔的一方可在仲裁协议约定地点以外的特定地点提起仲裁,“法定”仲裁地规定由此产生.从《鹿特丹规则》规定“法定仲裁地”的目的出发,对《鹿特丹规则》“法定仲裁地”规定加以详细剖析,指出其在实施过程中可能遭遇的障碍.鉴于“法定仲裁地”规定系《鹿特丹规则》的选择适用内容,中国没有必要立即将其引入国内法,而应当在仲裁法中构建仲裁地制度和临时仲裁制度,为其将来在中国的实施作准备.     

论仲裁协议的完善

有效的仲裁协议是仲裁制度的基础,仲裁协议是当事人自愿达成的、期待快速解决争议、降低诉讼成本的意思表示。但我国《仲裁法》自1995年颁布之时,就受到了多方面的制约,有些方面已成为制约仲裁制度完善发展的法律障碍。《仲裁法》的修改应本着尊重当事人自治的原则,取消对仲裁协议内容僵化的要求,确立临时仲裁的法律地位,尊重仲裁管辖。     

论行政协议中行政机关救济 途径行使程序之完善

2015年我国《行政诉讼法》将行政协议的概念进行了明确并规定就行政协议有关问题可以提起行政诉讼,此举表明行政协议已经在实践中得到普遍运用,需要法律加以规定。我国的行政诉讼法律体系也因此得到进一步完善,但由于我国强行政权的历史传统,立法上的重点过于偏向对协议相对人的保护,而对于行政机关的救济途径规定甚少。2019年出台的《最高人民法院关于审理行政协议案件若干问题的规定》就这一问题进行了解决,其通过赋予行政机关申请法院强制执行的权利作为满足行政协议履行过程中的必要条件下的救济途径,这一救济途径与行政协议中相对人享有的救济途径具有某种程度上的一致性,有效保证了协议双方当事人的相对平等,但仍有必要完善行政机关主体司法救济权利的程序规定。     

Using PMCT of Individuals of Known Age to Test the Suchey–Brooks Method of Aging in Victoria,Australia

The estimation of an individual's age at death plays a critical role in the investigation of unidentified human remains. The Suchey–Brooks method, which involves the analysis of degenerative morphological changes in the pubic symphysis, is currently widely used to estimate age in adults. This study tested the applicability of the Suchey–Brooks method on a contemporary adult Australian (Victorian) subpopulation by observing three‐dimensional volume‐rendered postmortem computed tomographic (PMCT) reconstructions of the pubic symphysis of 204 individuals aged 15–100 years. Results showed the method was reliable for females (85% correct allocations) but not for males (67% correct allocations). It is therefore recommended that extreme caution be used when applying the Suchey–Brooks method for estimating age at death of an individual in this subpopulation from PMCT images. The results suggest further investigation into alternate age estimation methods is required.     

Russian–Japanese relations after the Russo-Japanese war in the context of world politics

Abstract

The Treaty of Portsmouth could not solve all the diplomatic problems between Russia and Japan, and dissenting voices were heard in both countries. Nevertheless, Russo-Japanese relations went in the direction of not only normalization, but also building an alliance. That radical change from hostility has not often happened in history and needs careful research, in particular the early stages of this process after the conclusion of the Treaty of Portsmouth. The construction of an alliance was not the primary goal at the beginning of Russo-Japanese negotiations after the war between the two nations. This goal appeared during the process of solving different problems, and so the international situation is extremely important to understand changes in Russo-Japanese relations. This process had several facets. First, there was the deterioration in Anglo-German relations with a corresponding realignment of British policy towards Russia. Second was the resolution of problems in Central Asia between Russia and Great Britain. Third, there was the mutual interests Japan and Russia had in China, in particular rail interests, which were related to the organic unity of the northern part of the Russian railroad in China. Finally, Russia had the desire to keep relations with France as a corner-stone of foreign policy.     

国际投资法中的“国家安全”问题探究——以“Ralls诉美国外国投资委员会案”为视角

国际投资协定通过条约义务设定,促使投资东道国保护其境内的外国投资。"国家安全例外"条款则以保护东道国利益为宗旨,并为国际投资协定和国际投资争端解决实践认可。"国家安全例外"在平衡国际投资者与投资东道国利益中扮演重要角色,但该条款会为以保护东道国国家利益为名行投资歧视之实的行为提供"条约保护伞",对国际投资造成不合理限制。在国际投资协定由"重投资保护轻东道国保护"向"投资者与东道国兼顾"的转型中,我国拟在《外国投资法》中设置国家安全审查机制的做法正逢其时,并与"投资者—东道国纠纷解决机制"退出国际投资条约的呼声相呼应,将为投资东道国利益提供条约上的保护。但在国际投资协定尚未完成转型的时期,通过国家安全审查国际投资时应兼顾考察所涉及的投资协定,以免国家承担可能发生的条约不履行的国际责任。