VAN DUZER MEMORIAL ORATION: THE EFFECT OF ARMED CONFLICT ON CHILD HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT

Armed conflict has occurred in many parts of the world for centuries and undoubtedly will occur in the future. In the past, combatants suffered; now the majority of suffering is by civilians. Children in these regions are denied the benefits of health care and normal nurturing both during and especially for prolonged periods after the conflict (when the health and social systems have been disrupted or are non‐existent). Their problems of health and development are major; problems for which the experience and knowledge of pediatrics and pediatric research could contribute. Yet, to date, the study of the health and development of children in war zones has not been a major priority of pediatric societies or of the large community of pediatric clinicians and researchers. Recently the Programme for Global Pediatric Research has held meetings with representatives of agencies working in areas of armed conflict together with pediatric clinicians and researchers. They explored the health and developmental problems of children in war zones. Recommendations from those meetings highlighted the plight of mothers and children during conflict and in the period “after the shooting stops.” Child health and development is critically affected during these times. In many instances planning has been inadequate and both government and legal support have been deficient. This presentation will describe the health and developmental problems of children in zones of armed conflict and steps to be taken to alleviate these major problems.     

重庆市“打黑除恶”公众认同调研报告

重庆市“打黑除恶”专项斗争格外受人关注。从调研所反映的数据来看,公众高度支持本次“打黑除恶”行动,关注重点主要是政府“打黑”的决心。民众希望“打黑除恶”行动能深入彻底并长期坚持,同时政府必须加强“打黑”工作的组织领导,发挥群众在“打黑”中的积极作用,加强舆论宣传和引导工作,坚持“打黑”与反腐同时进行的策略,强化依法“打黑”的观念。而在构建防止黑恶势力滋生蔓延的机制方面,政府应该创造更多的就业机会,缩小城乡差异,堵住黑社会性质组织犯罪成员的来源;规范市场秩序并加强对官员的监督和教育。     

当前竞争态势下高职院校发展战略选择——以“波特五力”分析模型为视角

“波特五力”分析模型是企业管理工具,高职院校借助这一工具,可以顺利开展绩效管理。通过阐述“波特五力”分析模型与高职院校的契合点,研究用企业管理的商业模式进行高职院校管理的可能性和现实操作性,提升高职院校竞争力。     

武装冲突情况下文化遗产国际法律保护的历史演进

武装冲突情况下文化遗产国际法律保护是文化遗产国际法律保护的重要组成部分。从“拿破仑战争”到“一战”,再到“二战”,文化遗产所遭受的严重毁损和流失客观上导致了武装冲突情况下文化遗产国际法律保护的萌芽、形成与发展。武装冲突情况下文化遗产国际法律保护在历史演进中,以禁止战时掠夺为基本原则,不断完善法律规范、扩大保护范围、加重保护责任、加强保护措施,从而得以迅速发展。     

The violence work of transnational gangs in Central America

Abstract

According to international relations scholars, an important change taking place in the post-Cold War context concerns the lethality of non-state armed groups (NSAGs). Underlying this observation is the conventional assumption that non-state violence is intrinsically illegitimate. This article shifts the analysis of violence away from the terrain of legitimacy, which tends to moralise the difference between state and non-state forces, and towards the terrain of work, where their violence features as part and not separate from a shared political economy. I propose the notion of violence work as a resourceful analytic into the dialectics of everyday violence and the complex processes of value production in social life. Against the background of the extreme cruelty attributed to transnational gangs in Central America, I argue that their violence work is expressive of prevailing modes of accumulating wealth in the region. Drawing on multi-sited fieldwork in Honduras, Guatemala, El Salvador and Mexico, I show how gang violence work animates a system of economic cooperation that engages a wide array of subjects who traverse state/non-state and legal/illegal divides.     

State disintegration and power politics in post-Suharto Indonesia

This article illustrates how discourses on ‘state fragility’ have been instrumentalised by the Indonesian military in order to consolidate its political and economic power after the fall of Suharto. In the wake of Indonesia’s transition to democracy violent conflicts escalated in East Timor, Aceh, Papua, the Moluccas and Sulawesi. Most notably East Timor’s successful secession spawned fears over the potential ‘balkanisation’ of Indonesia. In this context the Indonesian military, which had been shunned for its involvement in Suharto’s New Order, managed to re-establish itself as the ‘guardian of the nation’. Based on fieldwork in Indonesia, the article describes how post-9/11 discourses over a potential break-up of Indonesia were used by the Indonesian military to reconsolidate its power in the post-Suharto era. The research findings illustrate that, against the looming threat of state disintegration, attempts to revoke the military’s prerogatives have either failed or have been aborted during the planning stages.     

论我国军事刑事管辖权的困境与出路——以涉外非战争军事行动为视角

在涉外非战争军事行动背景下,维护军事利益的价值目标与军事刑事管辖缺乏域外效力发生冲突。军事刑事管辖应坚持维护国家主权和军事利益原则、对等原则和国内法与国际法相统一原则,尽可能通过谈判,与他国签定建立在平等、互利原则基础之上的部队地位协定。我国军事刑法的属地管辖应扩展至武装部队所至地域或空间,应将外国军人、战俘以及特定形势下的平民犯罪纳入军事刑法管辖范围。     

区域经济发展问题研究

产业发展和区域发展共同构成国民经济发展体系和具体内容。区域发展主要研究生产力空间分布的性质、质量、数量和结构,中国区域经济明显体现出以行政区域划分的经济格局和经济内容的非均衡性。     

Managing visibility and differentiating in recruitment of women as leaders in the armed forces

Recruitment is one of the Swedish Armed Forces’ (SAF) main challenges today. Recruiting more women into the organization is one of the organization’s aims, as well as providing them with more opportunities for career development. The purpose of this article is to gain a deeper understanding of how female military officers perceive barriers and advantages on their way to higher leadership positions. A total of 10 women from a variety of backgrounds and positions in the armed forces were interviewed. Their ranks ranged from Captain to Colonel and they represented army, naval units and air force. The interviews were analysed using a Grounded Theory approach. The qualitative analysis resulted in two main themes: Supporting visibility of women as leaders and differentiation of women as leaders. The former concerns positive strategies on an individual and organizational level that support an increase in the number of female leaders in the SAF, and is a way of responding to political incitements and the SAF’s fundamental values. The second concerns ways how women are portrayed as different and divergent from the male standard. The suggested model may be valuable in recruitment, educational settings and leader development of high-level military officers from a gender perspective.     

抵御宗教渗透是稳定发展的关键

在现阶段,利用宗教进行政治渗透和思想渗透是西方敌对势力对我国实施"西化"、"分化"、"和平演变"政治图谋的重要方式和手段.我们要认清西方敌对势力利用宗教渗透搞分裂活动的本质,支持宗教界坚持独立自主、自办教会的方针,坚决抵制境外敌对势力利用宗教进行政治渗透和思想渗透.这是做好宗教工作的中心任务.