Global and Neighborhood Attitudes Toward the Police: Differentiation by Race,Ethnicity and Type of Contact

This study focused on a series of hypotheses regarding residents’ attitudes toward the police: (1) residents’ attitudes toward the police are better represented by a two-dimensional model that differentiates global perceptions of the police from assessments of the police in the respondents’ neighborhood; (2) the structure of residents’ attitudes toward the police is different for Whites, African Americans, and Latinos; (3) direct experiences with the police in the respondents’ neighborhood will be more strongly associated with the respondents’ assessment of police in their neighborhood than global perceptions of the police; and (4) the influence of direct experiences with the police will be stronger for African Americans and Latinos than for Whites. Results based on structural equation modeling offer strong support for the need to differentiate between global and neighborhood perceptions of the police. The underlining measurement structure of attitudes toward the police was similar for Whites, African Americans, and Latinos. However, the relationship between global and neighborhood attitudes was stronger for African Americans and Latinos. Negative contact with the police was associated with both negative global and neighborhood assessments of the police. Non-negative contact was associated with positive neighborhood perceptions of the police; however, only when it occurred within the neighborhood. The influence of direct experiences with the police (both inside and outside the neighborhood) was similar for Whites, African Americans, and Latinos.     

北京市居民安全感研究

本从社会治安评价和小区治安评价两个方面，围绕北京市居民对社会治安状况的主观感受与评价这一主题，进行了大量的实地调研和数据分析。本发现，居民对于公共安全的评价与对小区治安的评价，两高度相关；警察可见度、警察工作效率和警民关系，是影响居民安全感的重要因素。本提出了社区警务与统一的公共安全体系协同建设，以及加强社区建设的对策。     

Changing your political mind: The impact of a metaphor on citizens’ representations and preferences for federalism

Federalism is often presented through metaphors, but little is known about the impact of such metaphors. Two experiments were conducted in Belgium presenting federalism as Tetris – with control and treatment groups – in order to grasp the influence of this metaphor. The first experiment reveals that being exposed to text with the Tetris metaphor influences respondents’ representations of federalism towards a more institutional representation and towards more regional autonomy. The second experiment confirms the importance of the text, and more specifically of the metaphor, if political knowledge is taken into account. Respondents with a lower level of political knowledge are those who are influenced by the metaphor, whereas respondents with a higher level are not. Therefore, framing the future of Belgian federalism using the metaphor of Tetris does matter: it affects both individuals’ representations of the federalization process and, consequently, their preferences vis-à-vis the institutional future of the country.     

警察活动之基本观念--公民对警察之期待与行政关系三面性

传统警察法学关于警察权界限的论述仅注意到防止警察权过度行使的问题,而大多未从行使警察权以保护一般公民利益的观点来出发。鉴于近来被害者问题逐渐受到重视,警察活动还应从公民对警察之期待与行政关系之三面性来探讨今后警察活动的基本方向。     

公民启动违宪审查的法律困境与制度完善

我国公民启动违宪审查的法律依据是《立法法》。《立法法》是在理顺法律规范文件间关系时引申出违宪审查问题的，具有一定的局限性，尤其是全国人大常委会的违宪审查权不能实际发挥作用。《立法法》中公民启动的违宪审查是全国人大常委会的违宪审查权，公民启动违宪审查缺少具体的操作程序设计，由此导致《立法法》中“公民启动违宪审查”的虚置。所以，必须从制度的高度重新设计并推动公民启动违宪审查的落实。     

中国革命宪法“私有财产”概念解析

文章通过追溯革命根据地民主政权所颁布的一系列宪法文件,揭示了私有财产在中国革命宪法中更多地被规定为没收对象和经济要素,只是在特定时期,出于政治考虑而承认其为权利客体.这种立宪思路在建国后的制宪活动中得到了延续,其突出表现就是"私有财产"条款是被置于"总纲"而不是"公民基本权利与义务"一章中.因此,要全面确立私有财产权的宪法保障体系,就必须进行"正名",选择科学而可行的规范方式.     

论全面建设小康社会条件下的公民道德教育

全面建设小康社会宏伟目标的实现有赖于全体公民道德素质的真正提高。公民道德教育是提高公民道德素质的主要途径,加强公民道德教育有着十分重要的意义。加强公民道德教育要坚持科学发展观,贯彻以人为本的原则。     

普通公民也应享有对法律文件审查的启动权——由一个地方性法规与国家部委文件适用争议案例引发的思考

当法律文件违反其上位法时,最好的解决办法是通过审查后对其予以撤销或改变,使其中违法的内容失去效力。我国虽有一套较为健全的法律文件冲突解决的规则,但在实践中这些规则几乎派不上用场,原因在于法律文件审查的启动权方面存在问题。要想真正解决我国普遍存在的法律文件冲突现象,使既有的法律文件冲突规则发挥作用,关键措施之一是,法律应当明确赋予普通公民对法律文件审查的启动权,并设计一套启动审查法律文件冲突的程序,使法律文件冲突审查真正走上常规化、制度化和法制化轨道。     

扩大公共政策过程中的公民参与

在现代民主社会中,公民既是公共政策作用的对象,但同时又可以参与到公共政策的过程之中,拥有公共政策主体和客体的双重身份。这里我们所理解的公共政策过程中的公民参与是指普通公民以及由公民所组成的各类社会团体以政策主体和客体的双重身份,依法通过一定的方式和程序参与和影响公共政策过程的行为。