京津冀劳动政策的差异与协同

跨部门和地区协同是国家治理现代化的重要实现形式,对于京津冀协同发展亦具有至关重要的影响。将政策文献与治理实践进行有效的“对话”,以1997年京津冀进入一体化实质发展阶段以来三地公布的劳动政策文件为分析文本,结合京津冀协同治理实践,考察京津冀府际间政策文本差异与协同特征。分析发现,在一统体制和中央顶层设计背景下,京津冀劳动市场一体化趋势明显,劳动政策内容和数量协同逐渐增多,但在有效治理与利益驱动下存在央地目标设置错位等现象;京津冀劳动政策协同与差异并存,进而形成对区域协同治理的双刃剑效应。     

福利的本质与公共福利的多元循义供给——兼论需求溢出理论的福利观及永续福利国家

在世界范围内,福利及社会福利的概念都存在多重内涵。需求溢出理论认为,作为不同福利概念内涵的最大公约数,福利的本质即需求保障;而属于公共事务范畴的公共福利的公共性则有实质公共性和形式公共性之分;公共福利的供给主体包括作为元主体的个人和作为衍生主体的四类广义社会组织,公共福利的供给呈现出多元路径或多元机制的嵌入式混合并用。需求溢出理论的福利观主张,我国应建立多元循义供给的永续福利国家,通过公共福利定向供给的退出机制使有劳者的福利总水平(私人福利+公共福利)始终高于不劳者的福利总水平,从而在为民众提供高品质的公共福利的同时,避免落入西方传统福利国家的养懒人陷阱。     

社区矫正适用对象的确定

对社区矫正适用对象的确定应当与社区矫正的性质以及我国现行的刑罚制度相一致。剥夺政治权利的对象不具有社区矫正行刑社会化的条件,不宜适用社区矫正;应实行轻罪化的部分劳动教养人员适用社区矫正。     

The scramble for resources: African case studies

China's renewed interest in Africa's resources is a mixed blessing. China is offering infrastructure packages that are especially attractive for post‐conflict countries but it is also helping countries with poor governance to avoid western pressure for economic and democratic reform.     

Prevention of Victimization

SUMMARY

Children are frequently exposed to violence at school or in their neighborhood, resulting in multiple negative psychological effects, including anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, isolation, hopelessness, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. The present study evaluated the unique prevention program implemented in inner city parks designed to prevent the development of short- and long-term consequences of exposure to chronic violence. Results indicated that participants benefited significantly from the program, as evidenced by a decrease in endorsement of submissive conflict resolution strategies and behavioral problems. Higher self-esteem was related to increased program gains. Gender emerged as another moderator, while age was unrelated to improvement.     

Practical vs. identity regionalism: Australia's APC initiative,a case study

On 4 June 2008 Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd announced his ‘vision for an Asia Pacific community’ (APC). Though failing to win support among Asian countries, the initiative offers a useful case study. This article does not focus on the motives and interests of the various governments responding to the proposal but rather on the different (and sometimes conflicting) understandings of regionalism that underpinned those responses. In its diplomatic advocacy of the APC, the Australian government stressed ‘practical regionalism’ – emphasizing the capacity of such a new ‘community’ to deal with security, economic, environmental and other challenges faced in recent times in the Asia-Pacific region. The Australian campaign gave little attention, however, to the influence of cognitive and emotive factors in community planning: it neglected ‘identity’ regionalism. In particular, it did not seem to take seriously the possible role of non-Western perspectives in shaping the development of post-colonial inter-state relations. Through the investigation of key Asian-language terms – relating to the English terms for ‘region’ and ‘community’ – this article seeks to demonstrate the importance of the identity dimension in both policy development and academic analysis. It argues for an analytic and diplomatic skillset that goes beyond the disciplines of international relations and economics and draws upon expertise in linguistics and regional political cultures.     

完善我国社区矫正风险评估体系的思考——基于再犯危险的分析

社区矫正风险评估机制应当贯穿于判决前、入矫后、解矫前三个阶段,形成一个完整的体系,应严格按照＂首要标准＂的要求,每个阶段都对社区服刑人员的再犯危险进行分析和评估。判决前矫正期内的再犯危险评估是基础,评估的重点在于社区风险的防范;入矫后的再犯危险评估是根本,以消除社区服刑人员的犯罪危险性人格,不断提升矫正效果为目的;解矫前的再犯危险评估是关键,以实现社区服刑人员的再社会化为目标。     

社区矫正视角下城市社区建设的路径分析

社区矫正的发展前景,与城市社区状况密切相关。在社区矫正视角下,城市社区建设应重视以下方面：关注＂弱势社区＂,消除＂区隔＂现象,以弥合城市社区的分化;发展社区民间组织,为社区矫正等活动的开展提供基础和平台;开发社区就业岗位,为包括社区矫正对象在内的社区弱势群体提供就业机会;改善社区矫正心理环境等等。     

论转型时期我国地方政府治理模式的创新

地方政府治理模式是否科学有效,不仅直接关系到地方社会的发展和人民群众的切身利益,而且直接影响地方政府的效能和形象。在社会转型时期,利益分化和阶层分化趋势明显,权力寻租和权力腐败现象仍然存在,公民社会力量不断增强,使现有地方政府治理模式面临新的压力与挑战。因此,地方政府治理模式应当引入市场机制,增强政府与社会的合作,强调自上而下的管理和自下而上参与的结合,培养多元管理主体,从而构建起地方政府、市场、社会三维框架下的多中心治理模式。     

公私伙伴关系:匹兹堡的治理之道

匹兹堡地区是美国采用公私伙伴关系治理公共事务的成功典范。1943年,匹兹堡地区在政治家劳伦斯和银行家梅隆主导下成立了阿莱格尼社区发展会议(ACCD),建立起公私伙伴关系的制度平台。通过这种公私伙伴关系治理模式,匹兹堡在20世纪40-60年代解决了环境污染和基础设施落后的问题,在20世纪80年代成功实现了产业转型,20世纪90年代以来,促进了经济发展和就业。匹兹堡的公私伙伴关系治理模式植根于美国政治、经济和社会体制之中,具有制度化与机会主义的双重特点。