社会司法鉴定人和职能司法鉴定人比较评介

全国人大常委会《关于司法鉴定管理问题的决定》旨在建立统一司法鉴定管理体制,然而,实践中出现的鉴定机构和鉴定人管理双轨制使《决定》的立法初衷未能实现。＂两高＂、＂三部＂《通知》试图对此予以校正,将侦查机关所属＂职能鉴定人＂一并纳入司法行政部门的登记管理体系。由此出现的社会司法鉴定人和职能司法鉴定人仍然在管理上存在差异,从统一司法鉴定管理体制的角度看,职能司法鉴定人依旧具有不合理性。     

改革开放三十年我国法律本质理论的回顾

从20世纪70年代末期开始,中国进入了一个新的历史发展时期,中国社会内部的变革因素开始推动法理学和法律本质理论向前发展。法学界围绕法律的阶级性与社会性的相互关系,对法律本质进行了多视角、多层面的探讨,力图论证法律本质是正义性、阶级性、社会性和物质制约性的统一,主张用马克思关于阶级意志性和物质制约性相统一的原理、市民社会和政治国家相互关系的原理、法与法律关系的原理来深化和发展法律本质理论,建构与社会主义初级阶段相适应的、集自治性与开放性于一体的法律本质理论体系。     

被告人认罪案件处理程序的比较法考察

英国、美国、法国、日本和俄罗斯等国都对被告人认罪案件规定了特殊的处理程序。这些国家的被告人认罪案件处理程序在具有简化诉讼程序、强调被告人认罪的自愿性等共同特征的同时,在适用的案件范围和被告人认罪的效果等方面存在一定的差异。我国于2003年确立了被告人认罪案件的处理程序。我国的被告人认罪案件处理程序在程序保障、适用范围等方面尚需要继续研究。     

中国特色社会主义民主政治的路径选择

发展中国特色社会主义民主政治是我们党的奋斗目标。我国民主政治发展路径的选择,要坚持解放思想、实事求是、与时俱进的基本原则,民主政治必须以服务于经济社会的发展为目的,把坚持党的领导、人民当家作主和依法治国有机统一起来,坚定不移地深化政治体制改革,推进中国特色社会主义民主政治的持续发展。     

刑事被害人国家补偿制度比较研究

刑事被害人国家补偿制度,是指对一定范围内的犯罪被害人,在其无法从加害人处或者通过其他途径获得赔偿或充分赔偿时,由国家按照法定的程序给予补偿的制度。通过比较法上的考察和研究可以发现．各国对作为国家补偿制度主要内容的补偿对象、补偿条件、补偿范围、补偿资金、补偿限度等问题均有不同的规定。我国在借鉴各国规定的基础上,应立足于本国实际建构刑事被害人国家补偿制度。     

Ideology and Polarization Among Women State Legislators

In early work on women in Congress, scholars consistently identified a tendency among women legislators to be more liberal roll‐call voters than male copartisans. Recent changes in Congress point to the polarization of women, where Democratic women remain more liberal than Democratic men but Republican women are no different from, or more conservative than, Republican men. We use newly available state legislative roll‐call data to determine whether women state legislators are more liberal or polarized than male copartisans. We find that while Democratic women state legislators remain consistently more liberal than male copartisans in most state chambers, Republican women legislators are growing more conservative. Thus, women state legislators are increasingly polarized in most U.S. states. Legislator replacement and increasing polarization among state legislators in office contribute to this effect. We argue that polarization among women legislators has implications for the representation of women in the states.     

Who is ready to climb the hill? The effect of legislative activity on promotion to higher offices in Chile

Previous research suggests that bill initiation is a mechanism used by legislators to foster personal votes. This article puts forward a theory whereby legislative activity is understood as a form of party service. Bill initiation records are used by parties to inform their decisions on who is ready to be promoted. The theory is evaluated using an original data-set from the Chilean Chamber of Deputies. Our empirical findings make a strong case for the hypothesis according to which parties reward those deputies who have shown to be effective legislators.     

The hunt for an elusive crime – an analysis of Swedish measures to combat sex trafficking

Sex trafficking has been described as an enormous, serious and growing problem that must be combatted, but also as a moral panic based on a very small number of cases. This article explores the measures that have been proposed to combat sex trafficking by politicians, the national police and the National Council for Crime Prevention in Sweden between 2007 and 2017. The analysis shows that sex trafficking is partly used by the actors to justify their own work. The measures that all three actors describe as central are crime victim support, co-operation, information, education and expanded legislation. The underlying problems associated with sex trafficking, according to the three actors, appear to be prostitution, drug use and foreign women crossing Swedish borders. Much of the responsibility for the provision of information and education is delegated from government agencies to a wide range of actors. This desire for comprehensive societal engagement stands in stark contrast to the small number of sex trafficking cases in Sweden. The measures to combat sex trafficking are thus largely characterized by the hunt for an elusive crime.     

SILENT CHANGES: TRANSSEXUALS’ RIGHT TO MARRY IN CHINA’S MAINLAND AND HONG KONG

In comparison to the arduous process of rights advocacy in Hong Kong, transsexuals in China’s mainland achieved their right to marry via some “silent changes”: there was no legal activism from transsexual communities, no debates or hearings in the legislature, and no landmark judgments made by the judiciary. From a perspective of comparative law, this article attempts to analyze the legal changes regarding transsexuals’ right to marry in China’s mainland in light of the struggles in Hong Kong. It endeavors to discuss to what extent the seemingly “smooth” and “unintended” way of opening up marriage to transsexuals in China’s mainland could be beneficial to trans rights and equality in general.     

In Search of the Holy Grail in Public Service: A Study on the Mediating Effect of Public Service Motivation on Organizational Politics and Outcomes

ABSTRACT

There appears to be a research gap in terms of examining whether PSM will hold fast even in the midst of a politically charged work environment. This article investigates how highly motivated government employees would react to the potentially adverse effects of political perception (POP) on organizational commitment, job satisfaction and workplace stress. The findings indicated that PSM exists among the respondent municipal social workers in the Philippines and that this motivation directly translates to positive outcomes. However, PSM did not have the expected mediating effect which is a departure from the commonly held view about its buffering power and mitigating role.