British Pharmaceuticals: a cautionary tale

British pharmaccuticals is generally represented as a successful sector which illustrates the potential of knowledge-intensive, high-valve-added activities. This article presents a revisionist account based on evidence and argument. Pharmaceuticals is a small sector which combines high-value-added and average wages to benefit capital not labour. The knowledge base in the laboratory creates imitative product with marketing then applied to capture social expenditure. When product-market growth slows, the sector restructures defensively without solving its problems.     

“发展陷阱”的形成原因分析——兼论中国经济落入发展陷阱的必然性

陷入“发展陷阱”之前的追赶型国家,往往会出现以美元计量的人均名义GDP增长率快于以本币计量的人均实际GDP增长率,这实际上也就是国际相对成本的上升和国际相对竞争力的下降,国内外市场因此会不断被更低收入国家蚕食;人均美元收入的快速提高产生的对生活品质的追求,会导致大量有效需求向发达国家转移。这些表现在企业收支上,也就是成本的提高与收入的减少;在国家层面则表现为外贸收支逆差增加和外汇储备减少或外债增加,由此落入“发展陷阱”。我国目前可能正处在该陷阱的入口。     

The Political Economy of Competitiveness and Continuous Adjustment in EU Meta-Governance

This article asserts that attempts to resolve the crisis through recent changes in European meta-governance are just the latest phase in a project to secure “continual adjustment” in European societies to the systemic demands of competitiveness. The structural pressures experienced at the scale of European societies are located in the process and scale of world market integration. This New Materialist scalar-relational approach sees adjustment to the systemic demands of competitiveness as likely to continue into the future and suggests that the scope for alternative more Keynesian programs of reform through EU meta-governance is highly constrained.     

基于因子分析的陕西电子信息制造业竞争力评价

基于竞争优势、比较优势、核心竞争力等理论,该文构建了由实际竞争力、潜在竞争力、产业供需结构、产业环境4个方面24个指标组成的电子信息制造业竞争力模型。以2007-2009年统计数据为依据,采用因子分析法对东、中、西部18个省份的竞争力进行了实证比较研究。结果表明：电子信息制造业竞争力可划分为产业发展混合因子、产业要素环境因子、产业经济效益因子、产业转化与创新能力因子和产业成长潜力因子五大综合因子。陕西综合竞争力得分较低,产业经济效益和产业转化与创新能力因子得分最低,而产业成长潜力因子得分则相对较高。最后,立足产业基础,以及新兴战略产业培育、新一轮西部大开发和产业梯度转移,提出相应发展对策建议。     

基于主成分分析的我国省域人力资源竞争力评价

知识经济时代，人力资源在经济发展过程中的作用愈发明显。为评价各省人力资源竞争力状况，应把握包含人力资源数量、人力资源质量、人力资源开发能力和人力资源环境四个方面的人力资源竞争力评价指标体系。并在构建评价指标体系的基础上，运用主成分分析法，对我国省域20lO年人力资源竞争力进行了分析和评价。     

Agglomeration Advantages and Capability Building in Industrial Clusters: The Missing Link

Accumulation of technological capability is crucial for industrial growth and competitiveness of firms, particularly in the context of liberalisation and increasing international economic integration. The article sheds new light on the forces driving capability-building by complementing the micro-economic perspective on learning with a meso-economic perspective that takes account of interaction effects arising from firms' embeddedness in regional networks. The missing link at the interface between the two levels is explored by means of a taxonomy linking various agglomeration advantages to investments in technological effort. The framework results in new policy-relevant insights about the factors underpinning the acquisition of capabilities in comparison to conventional studies. A case study about farm equipment manufacturing in Pakistan's Punjab province is used as an empirical illustration.     

A Comparative Assessment of the Information Technology Services Sector in India and China

The purpose of this paper is to assess the nature of competition in the information technology (IT) services sector between India and China. Using primary and secondary data sources, we compare and contrast the strengths and weaknesses of the IT services sector in the two countries along the main dimensions of Porter's competitive advantage model. The principal findings indicate that the IT services sectors in the two countries are distinctively different, have developed along different paths and are highly complementary to each other. China has a well-established hardware sector and its IT services sector focuses mostly on servicing its domestic market. India's IT services sector is predominantly export orientated with focus on the US and Western European markets. Contrary to popular beliefs, given the complementary characteristics of the IT services sectors in India and China, it is unlikely for the two countries to compete against each other in the near future and greater strategic co-operation between IT service providers in the two countries is a more likely outcome.     

中国农业上市公司竞争力评价实证研究

农业经济是国民经济的基础,农业上市公司则是农业发展中的方向。本文选取了我国沪深两市证交所50家农业上市公司作为样本公司,运用因子分析法对样本公司的竞争力进行综合评价和分层评价,并对评价结果进行分析。综合评价结果表明,农产品加工行业的农业上市公司综合竞争能力较强,而农副产品和食品饮料行业竞争力相对较弱。进一步分层评价结果表明,综合竞争能力较强的农业上市公司,生存竞争力和发展竞争力却并不一定都强。     

福建工业竞争力的现状、问题与对策

产业竞争力是影响当前和未来福建经济发展的主要因素。本文分析了福建工业竞争力的总体状况及面临的问题,并提出提升福建工业竞争力的若干思路。