Educational offer,education demand and institutional capacity

The present world is subject to some structural and institutional transformations unprecedented. The education-a public goods, a product and a process at the same time, is not different especially, since late modernization and modernity make education an essential vector of development. The present study insists on the triad educational offer, education demand and institutional capacity. It starts from the imperatives of knowledge society in globalization era and re-defines the educational market in the context of late modernity. Although the approach of the educational supply, the demand of education and competition on the educational market aims at a factorial analysis initially related to the realities in Romania, the issue is extended globally. The demonstration is simple enough, though the potential capacity （and the real one） of any institution of higher education management must be mediated on educational market. To this effect, the study insists on the objectives and aims of educational management. The premise to fundamentally define this type of management is that the intelligent models, the creative models and the strategic models of thought may contribute to the development of institutional （organizational） culture with axiological appliance, giving both identity and openness to diverse education. The study poses the problem of a new type of educational order, an educational order of a society based on knowledge.     

动态城市竞争力理论及其指标体系构建

该文基于城市竞争力的动态性特征,提出了一个全新的动态城市竞争循环理论框架,将城市竞争循环分为内外两大决定系统,三大圈层结构,并提出了名义城市竞争力和实际城市竞争力的概念。同时构建了一个新的指标评价体系,该指标体系由8个一级指标和88个二级分项指标构成。新的理论框架为城市竞争力研究提供了一个全新的视角,为城市的发展和管理提供了一定的理论支持。     

How to understand Pakistan's hybrid regime: the importance of a multidimensional continuum

Pakistan has had a chequered democratic history but elections in 2013 marked a second turnover in power, and the first transition in Pakistan's history from one freely elected government to another. How do we best categorize (and therefore understand) political developments in Pakistan? Is it now safe to categorize it as an electoral democracy or is it still a hybrid case of democracy? Using the Pakistani case as an example, this article argues that hybrid regimes deserve consideration as a separate case (rather than as a diminished subtype of democracy or authoritarianism), but must be categorized along a multidimensional continuum to understand the dynamics of power within the political system.     

基于外贸竞争力视角下的宁夏对外贸易问题研究

外贸竞争力对提升一国（或地区）的国际竞争力和经济发展具有极为重要的意义。改革开放30年来,对外贸易无疑为宁夏经济增长起了极其重要的拉动作用,但是宁夏产品仍维持粗放式的增长,出口产品频遭贸易壁垒。因此,保持宁夏外贸的可持续发展对于宁夏的经济发展具有深远的意义。     

论创新与知识产权保护对国家发展的意义

知识产权是促进创新的法律制度,创新则是当今世界各国发展的主要动力。一国创新程度的高低对该国经济和文化的发展有着极为重要的影响．因此各国都在积极制定一系列宏观的国家知识产权战略,以促进和提升本国的创新能力。而建立和发展合理、科学的知识产权体系是实现国家持续创新的主要动力,深入研究创新与知识产权保护对国家定展的影响有助于揭示知识产权保护与国家竞争力的内在联系。     

Economic Competitiveness and Social Policy in Open Economies

While many studies have shown that greater trade openness affects the overall size of social spending, this study emphasizes that it also affects types of social policies that a government prioritizes. When faced with deepening trade competition, governments tend to use different policy measures to address the opportunities and challenges stemming from their economic competitiveness in the international market. Policy makers in countries with high relative labor costs are likely to privilege social insurances and income transfer. This is because as high labor costs make their workers more vulnerable in the trade competition, governments seek to protect skilled labor in order to maintain their economic advantage in advanced industries. In contrast, when relative labor costs are low, human capital investment programs are likely to be emphasized to enhance productivity and the quality of labor to capitalize the cost competitiveness of a country’s workers. The findings from empirical analyzes of 26 OECD economies from 1991 to 2012 support these arguments.     

马来西亚汽车市场分析：与泰国汽车市场比较

在中国-东盟自由贸易区（CAFTA）正式启动的宏观背景下,本文对马来西亚汽车市场进行详细的总量和结构分析,指出近10年来马来西亚汽车工业保持稳定的发展速度,但泰国汽车工业的迅速崛起使马来西亚汽车产业失去了在东盟的主导地位;而马来西亚政府推行的进口替代汽车产业政策和国民车计划直接决定了该国汽车产业的发展动向。在实证分析部分,我们通过显性比较优势指数RCA测算发现马来西亚汽车产业不具备显性比较优势,通过恒定市场份额CMS分析得出2001—2007年间虽然马来西亚汽车产业出口竞争力呈上升趋势,但竞争力呈自我弱化趋势。与泰国汽车产业的测算结果比较反过来验证了泰国政府及时顺应世界贸易自由化浪潮进行产业政策转变的正确性。     

产业集群与中小企业竞争力的提升

由于存在先天缺陷,中小企业在市场竞争中往往处于劣势.而产业集群的一些功能(或机制)所创造的独特的竞争合作机制、激励机制等有利因素,很好地弥补了中小企业的产业缺陷,能帮助集群内的中小企业在规模不变的情况下参与灵活专业化分工,实现外部规模经济,从而获得集合竞争优势,中小企业的竞争力也因此得以提升.     

提高中国出口产业竞争力与生产性服务的发展

生产性服务发展的严重滞后是制约我国出口产业整体竞争力提高的一个重要因素。生产性服务对推动产业技术进步、提高产品的技术和知识含量、增加产品附加价值、形成产品差异性以及推动生产国际化、降低国际贸易的交易费用等方面都发挥着重要作用。大力发展生产性服务 ,是“十五”期间增强我国出口产业国际竞争力的重要措施     

中阿经贸往来中宁夏羊绒制品市场竞争力分析

准确把握时代脉搏,扩大宁夏羊绒制品品牌的影响力,满足消费者的多元化需求,增强市场竞争力是宁夏羊绒制品产业做大做强的必然要求。