Philosophy and the resolution of equality conflicts

This article examines Rowan’s discussion of my earlier paper (Messick, 1995). His warnings about the naturalistic fallacy and self-interest are well taken, but they constitute less serious threats to the usefulness of my suggestions than he indicates.     

Entrepreneurship and University Licensing

Outside invention has gained in importance as universities are actively seeking commercialization of their inventions since the passage of the Bayh-Dole Act. The paper analyzes the incentives to invent for outside and inside inventors. It is shown that outside inventors have greater incentives to invent than incumbents. Outside inventors can always fully appropriate the gains from invention irrespective of market structures and firm behaviour. Moreover, outside invention prompts incumbents to commercialize an invention in contrast to inside invention. Embryonic inventions could best be commercialized by new enterprises due to the uncertainty of their outcomes. Cooperative invention could boost consumer welfare but constitutes a lackluster incentive to invent.     

Coparent Support and Conflict in African American Single Mother-Headed Families: Associations With Maternal and Child Psychosocial Functioning

This longitudinal investigation examined main and interactive effects of coparent support and conflict on mother and child adjustment in 248 low-income, African American, single mother-headed families. The findings indicated that coparent conflict was a more robust predictor of mother and child maladjustment both cross-sectionally and longitudinally than was coparent support. Moreover, findings revealed that coparent conflict and support interacted to predict one parenting behavior, monitoring, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Coparent relationships characterized by high levels of support and low levels of conflict were associated with the highest levels of parental monitoring behavior, whereas coparent relationships characterized by low levels of support and high levels of conflict were associated with the lowest levels of monitoring. The findings highlight the importance of examining both positive and negative aspects of coparent relationships in this at-risk, but understudied, group.     

港、澳、珠三角地区的区际法律冲突及其协调

港、澳、珠江三角洲地区之间的区际法律冲突,是指19世纪40年代以后,在我国因为三地之间各自法律规定的不同,从而产生法律适用上的冲突。这种区际法律冲突具有与目前国际社会的国际法律冲突,和其他国家的区际法律冲突,以及我国国内的其他法律冲突,都不尽相同的特点。“一国两制”原则和有利于社会政治经济发展原则是协调港、澳、珠江三角洲地区区际法律冲突时必须遵循的基本原则。而由各法域协商制定统一的区际冲突法典来进行协调,应该是目前我国协调解决港、澳、珠三角地区区际法律冲突的较切实可行、同时也是行之有效的途径。     

Coparenting Conflict and Parenting Behavior in Economically Disadvantaged Single Parent African American Families: The Role of Maternal Psychological Distress

Substantial research has focused on the negative associations between coparenting conflict, parental psychological functioning, and parenting behavior in European American, middle-income, families. However, less attention has been given to ethnic minority families and to families that are nontraditionally structured. In an effort to address this gap, the current longitudinal study examines the relation between conflict with the mother-identified primary co-caregiver and parenting practices in single parent, economically disadvantaged African American families. Participants included 234 mother–child dyads. It was hypothesized that conflict would relate to less utilization of positive parenting practices and that this association would be mediated, at least in part, by maternal psychological distress. Hypotheses were examined using structural equation modeling (Lisrel 8.3): Conflict with a co-caregiver was significantly related to parenting both directly and indirectly through maternal psychological distress. Implications of the findings are discussed.

Strategic adaptation to new electoral systems

How quickly, to what extent and under what conditions do voters and elites adapt to new electoral institutions in order to not waste their votes and effort on hopeless competitors? A latent‐curve model of strategic adaptation is developed and fitted to district‐level election data from Spain. The extent of strategic adaptation is generally found to vary with the strength of the electoral system. However, grave ethnic tensions are demonstrated to seriously retard adaptation even under favourable institutional conditions.     

欲拒还迎：政治与法律关系的社会系统论分析

由于政治体制改革相对干经济体制改革的滞后性,政治在要求法律对私法关系进行整合的同时,却面临法律对具有政治意义的公法关系普遍化实施的合法性要求。政治系统一方面想利用法律来为自身赋予合法性以及对政治自身解决不了的社会冲突进行整合,另一方面又不愿意让法律独立运作以正常发挥功能。政治之所以对于法律有这种欲拒还迎的分裂与两难态度,原因在于法律系统的结构二重性：使动性与制约性。对于政治系统来说,法律结构扩展了权力的普遍有效性,而权力如要实现这一点又必须受法律结构的制约。为避免法律对政治权力的“合法／非法”二元规则化,政治系统设定政治禁忌,要求法律不得违反,但法律系统的二元规则化对于政治系统来说是难以任意伸缩的。     

市场规制中的执法权冲突及其解决路径

清晰的执法权配置是提高市场规制质量的首要条件。在我国竞争法实施过程中,频繁发生的执法权冲突现象严重影响着市场规制的质量。如何解决执法权冲突,是一个兼具理论和实践意义的课题。从程序主义视角,国务院相关部委和最高人民法院都难以从根本上解决这一）中突,只有全国人大常委会及其授权立法机构才是最合适的裁决者。从实体主义视角,构建公权力的横向配置理论才是解决执法权冲突的根本。该理论认为,执法权应当配置给能以最低的管理成本完成管理目标的主体。影响管理成本的核心要素包括规制机构的重置成本、信息获取成本、管制俘获和多元执法机构的协调成本,这些要素所组成的成本衡量体系是配置执法权的一个基本分析框架。     

涉外同性婚姻法律适用问题研究

世界范围内,同性婚姻为一些国家法律认可的事实,与中国大陆对该身份领域的变化,仅存于学者呼吁应保护少数人人权的现状,则提出了在中国大陆涉外同性婚姻的法律适用问题。依据我国"涉外民事关系法律适用法"的有关规定,同性结合存在的客观事实,医学上界定其不是一种疾病的科学论断,及公平与正义、且具有全球视野的、与时俱进的现代意识,我们在法律观念与法律制度上应倾注切实可行的法律人文性。在一定的条件和法律环境下,适宜的冲突法或者直接调整方法运用于该领域,是保障人的自由权、契约身份权,维护依法设立的民事关系的稳定性,内外有别地对待与处理涉外民事身份关系的需要。     

中外防止公务员利益冲突制度之比较及启示

针对反腐败过程中出现的新情况、新问题,很有必要借鉴、学习国外防止利益冲突在立法方面的成功经验。本文从公务员利益冲突涉及的回避制度、兼职取酬制度、财产申报制度、禁止收受贿赂制度、岗位轮换制度、离职后的行为限制等主要方面进行了中外防止公务员利益冲突的制度比较。本文认为,借鉴发达国家在防止公务员利益冲突上的法律法规,可以弥补我国在防止公务员利益冲突方面的不足,从而使我国防止公务员利益冲突制度更加科学化和规范化。