中国公司法之构造缺陷及克服

作者认为 ,中国公司法在实践中存在以下缺陷 :有限公司与股份公司的组织机构之间区别模糊、国有独资公司定位不当、股份公司之董事会缺少有效约束、监事会的监督职能虚拟化以及对关联公司以及公司集团的约束不力。为更好地发挥公司在市场经济中的作用 ,实有改革有限公司制度以及重新塑造股份公司之董事会与监事会关系的必要。此外 ,还应当增加对关联公司与公司集团的法律规定。     

Bank security dye packs: synthesis, isolation, and characterization of chlorinated products of bleached 1-(methylamino)anthraquinone

Banknote evidence is often submitted after a suspect has attempted to disguise or remove red dye stain that has been released because of an anti-theft device that activates after banknotes have been unlawfully removed from bank premises. Three chlorinated compounds have been synthesized as forensic chemical standards to indicate bank security dye bleaching as a suspect's intentional method for masking a robbery involving dye pack release on banknotes. A novel, facile synthetic method to provide three chlorinated derivatives of 1-(methylamino)anthraquinone (MAAQ) is presented. The synthetic route involved Ultra Clorox bleach as the chlorine source, iron chloride as the catalyst, and MAAQ as the starting material and resulted in a three-component product mixture. Two mono-chlorinated isomers (2-chloro-1-(methylamino)anthraquinone and 4-chloro-1-(methylamino)anthraquinone) and one di-chlorinated compound (2,4-dichloro-1-(methylamino)anthraquinone) of the MAAQ parent molecule were detected by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and subsequently isolated by liquid chromatography (LC) with postcolumn fraction collection. Although GC-MS is sensitive enough to detect all of the chlorinated products, it is not definitive enough to identify the structural isomers. Liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was utilized to elucidate structurally the ortho- and para-mono-chlorinated isomers once enough material was properly isolated. A reaction mechanism involving iron is proposed to explain the presence of chlorinated MAAQ species on stolen banknotes after attempted bleaching.     

机制版假币票面上印刷疵点的检验

目的分析假币票样上的印刷疵点,为串并假币机制版印制点提供科学依据。方法通过图文扫描和图象处理技术,获取假币票面上的印刷疵点信息,研究梳理不同票面上一致的疵点组合,寻找其与印版的相关性,继而推导与印制者的相关性。结果找到可以表征相同胶片版或PS版的不同冠字号码假币票样上一致的印刷疵点。结论可以通过图文扫描和图象处理手段得到印刷疵点特征。     

Bacterial Cross‐contamination Potential Associated with Contaminated Currency

Previous studies have shown a significant amount of contaminants on paper currencies. It is important to study the transfer of microorganisms between paper currencies to determine whether it meets the level of a human health threat. This cross‐contamination potential was analyzed by seeding new US 1‐dollar bills with Bacillus thuringiensis, and pressing or rubbing them against clean currency to determine the amount of bacteria transfer to the unseeded currency. The transferred amount of bacteria was recovered, plated, incubated, and the colony‐forming units were quantified. Among the recovery methods tested, the most efficient method, vortexing for 10 min with a recovery efficiency of 40 ± 8.1%, was used in this analysis. The resulting transfer rates were 4.8%, 8.6%, and 14.3% when pressed for 24 h, 72 h, and rubbed together, respectively. These transferred amounts of bacteria are significant and have the potential to spread infectious diseases.     

论伪造货币罪

货币是与国计民生和经济发展关系极为密切,古今中外各国的刑事立法都毫不犹豫地把伪造货币的行为规定为犯罪予以刑法上的严厉打击,以维护货币的独力与稳定。本文就伪造货币罪的概念、构成特征、司法认定和刑事处罚等问题进行了探讨。     

完善我国大型国有企业政府董事制度建设的途径

目前,我国大型国有企业改革的重点在于公司治理的完善,而其关键在于建设强大而有效的董事会,其中政府董事制度的建立是完善大型国有企业董事会建设的核心。本文提出了政府董事的概念,并分析了其在国有企业董事会中的职责,在此基础上以青岛啤酒股份有限公司为例探讨了我国大型国有企业政府董事制度建设的现状与存在的问题,进而提出了如何完善我国政府董事制度建设的途径。     

假币犯罪案件的特点与侦查防范

当前,我国假币犯罪活动日渐增多、形势严峻。深入研究假币犯罪的特点、规律以及犯罪原因．是成功遏制假币犯罪的关键。假币犯罪活动,不仅影响我国的市场经济秩序．而且危害国家的经济安全和广大人民群众的根本利益。一些群众因误收假币而受到了严重的经济损失．不仅对银行产生不信任感。由此也引发了不安定的因素,从而影响了社会的经济和治安的稳定。     

侵占罪与挪用型犯罪视角下的货币所有权

货币是刑法分则规定的一些犯罪的犯罪对象,但货币作为一种特殊的种类物,在所有权转移方面有其特殊性,即谁占有货币,谁就取得所有权。据此分析刑法分则规定的与货币的这一特殊性关系密切的一些犯罪,会发现货币不应成为侵占罪的犯罪对象;货币作为挪用型犯罪的犯罪对象时其犯罪客体应是货币的所有权。     

灾后日元升值初探

短期来看,日元汇率没有因经济受到巨大损失而贬值却转向迅速升值在于投资者形成"保险机构或企业资金的资金回流"的预期,投机力量就借助这个题材不断的推升日元。长期来看,这一轮日元升值并不是因贸易摩擦、美国压迫日本的结果,而是与金融危机过程中动荡的国际货币体系有关。日元在国际货币体系内主要执行价值贮藏的功能,而其贸易结算功能相对较弱。日元快速升值的根本原因是日元在估值上存在升值压力,以及日元发挥避险货币和套利交易的作用。中日两国都面临着美元贬值的巨大风险,可采取相互增持对方货币资产的方法,逐渐减少降低外汇储备中美元的比例,建立区域汇率稳定性机制。     

电子货币是货币发展规律作用的必然结果

电子货币作为一种新的派生形式,是货币发展规律作用的必然结果。电子货币不仅具有一般货币的共性,而且具有明显的时代特征。因此,电子货币的出现,并没有否定马克思的货币理论,相反却再次证明了马克思货币理论的科学性。