我国高校学生科研存在的问题及其应对措施——以中国劳动关系学院为例

学生科研活动主要是一种研究性的学习活动,而不是独立的科研活动,不仅仅是为了取得科研成果,而主要目的则是进行科研的学习与训练.我国高校学生科研总体上处于起步阶段,存在着许多亟待解决的问题.解决学生科研问题的主要措施包括:设立专门的学生科研主管部门;加强学生正规的学术训练;建立学生科研导师制度;培养学生的团队协作精神,加强学术道德教育;加强学生科研实践基地建设.     

论鉴定结论公正性的法律保障措施——从鉴定人视野进行分析

鉴定结论是鉴定人运用科技进行实践的产物，每一个鉴定结论都包含鉴定人的主观认识活动，其科学的认识是产生正确鉴定结论的基础，而非科学的认识必然产生错误的鉴定结论。保障鉴定人认识活动的公正性，一方面必须完善管理规范和职业道德规范，另一方面必须建立规范鉴定行为的法律制度和“证实”与“证伪”的法律措施。只有这样才能使鉴定具有公正性，从而保障诉讼的公正与效率的实现。     

Sex,Biological Functions and Social Norms: A Simple Constructivist Theory of Sex

Feminist theory needs a constructivist account of biological sex for at least two reasons. The first is that as long as female and male are the only two sexes that are taken for granted, being cisgender, heterosexual, and preferably a parent will be the norm, and being intersexed, transgender, bi- or homosexual, infertile or voluntarily childless will be deemed failure. The second is the fact that, usually, sex and gender come together in the way that is expected, i.e. the fact that most females are women and most males are men needs to be explained. This paper provides a constructivist theory of sex, which is that the sex categories depend on norms of reproduction. I argue that, because the sex categories are defined according to the two functions or causal roles in reproduction, and biological function is a teleological concept involving purposes, goals, and values, female and male are normative categories. As there are no norms or values in nature, normative categories are social constructions; hence, female and male are not natural but social categories. Once we understand that biological normativity is social, biological norms of heterosexuality, fertility, and so on are no longer incontestable. In addition, as many gender norms also concern reproduction—socially mediated reproduction—this simple theory of sex explains the common confluence of sex and gender.     

Beyond norms: the incomplete de-securitisation of the Russian counterterrorism frame

This article analyses the tentative de-securitising move of the Russian counterterrorism frame under Medvedev’s presidency. It suggests that de-securitisation involves a normalisation process that articulates three main points: terrorism as a result of internal troubles, counterterrorism seen as a “positive process” and Islam not being stigmatised. It nevertheless shows that this process remains far from complete, given the embedding of framing into cultural and normative contexts that make security, integrity and sovereignty leading norms. On the contrary, the ambiguities that shape framing entail a (re-)securitisation of social and societal issues that were not previously directly related to the root causes of terrorism.     

权力规范与国际法规范的研究新范式

传统国际政治理论尤其是现实主义理论范式把国际法排斥在研究领域之外,认为国际法是毫无意义的虚无主义。传统国际法研究侧重法律规范,忽略权力在国际政治中的作用。近年来对国际政治和国际法的研究出现了跨越学科,综合考查国际政治权力规范与国际法规范关系的趋势。     

我国巨灾保险法与相关法的规范协同问题

我国巨灾保险法涉及面广,若要使巨灾保险法的功能得以有效发挥,巨灾保险事业得以长足发展,我国巨灾保险法的构建就必须充分考虑其与相关法律制度的规范协同问题,主要是与财政拨付法律制度、已有保险法律制度、证券保险法律制度以及税收制度间的规范协同问题。其中,巨灾保险法与财政拨付法的协同主要体现在巨灾预警预防、救助、恢复重建等方面;与保险法的规范协同主要体现在参保方式、保险机构的建立、相关法律责任认定以及保险原则的继承和发展等方面;与证券法的协同主要表现在特殊机构SPV的法律构建、证券化基本资产真实销售的规定、监督问题等方面;与税法的规范协同主要体现在两个方面,一是与企业所得税法的协同,以更好的促进保险公司开发巨灾产品以及促进企业开发防灾减灾技术,二是与个人所得税法的协同,以更好的促进和保障个人投保以及对特殊群体更多的税收照顾。     

女性学的学科地位及其发展

新世纪以来,学科分化和学科整合的频率加快,范围扩大,层次加深。面对21世纪的女性学研究,有必要提倡＂格物致用＂的哲学思想,通过跨学科比较的视角,促进应用学科的发展。因此从学科渊源、学科定位、学科特性与理论发展三个层面入手,可以比较女性学与女性主义的异同,凸显中国语境中女性学研究当前所面临的一些问题,这有利于提高女性工作者的理论素养,了解学科前沿问题,培养创新意识,促进女性发展。     

剽窃、学术规范与版权侵权

人们通常认为,剽窃天然就不是好的东西。笔者将从静态的观点来考察剽窃这一概念,以及从动态的观点来重新考察与剽窃有关的“独创性”的概念是如何逐步形成的;从而部分澄清这种误解。另外,笔者还将从与剽窃紧密相关的“引证”这一技术性手段来功能性地讨论学术规范的作用,以及从制度比较的视角,对两种不同的解决剽窃的方式,即诉诸学术规范和司法诉讼进行论证。     

论国际行政法的规范构成

国际行政法是全球化背景下正在产生、成型的全新法律部门,目前已经逐渐引起国内外学界的重视,对其基本范畴的研究已经有一定的成果.通过类比行政法体系的三种类型对国际行政法的规范构成展开分析,并尝试将国际行政法规范分为国际组织行政法、国际实体行政法以及国际程序行政法.在没有其他参照物的情况下,这种以传统行政法的若干概念工具来解构国际行政法的规范构成的尝试有益于对这个法域的进一步研究.     

Misperceived Neighborhood Values and Informal Social Control

Social disorganization theory explains the effects of neighborhood structure and culture on crime and delinquency. Within this perspective, the role of neighborhood informal social control is argued to be an important protective factor against many social problems. While a growing body of research supports the importance of informal social control, we still have limited understanding of its development. Of the research that does exist in this area, most examines structural processes supporting informal social control, while cultural aspects of communities have only rarely been examined. We further develop this limited body of research by drawing on the prevention literature that focuses on social norms and their misperceptions. Specifically, this study examines the role of pluralistic ignorance regarding neighborhood values on the likelihood of informal social control. The results are discussed in relation to social norms theory and their relevance for crime‐prevention strategies.