A psychodynamic-behaviourist investigation of Russian sexual serial killer Andrei Chikatilo

This paper looks briefly at the case study of Russian sexual serial killer Andrei Chikatilo. Whilst serial homicide has received wide ranging attention more broadly in the literature, Chikatilo’s criminality and sexually deviant behaviour have thus far lacked any in-depth psychological explanation, with his crimes attributed tentatively to dysfunction upbringing and innate deviance. However, based on theoretical arguments presented in the present investigation, a more detailed account of what may have contributed to the development of such extreme sexual violence and cognitive distortions is discussed. Consideration of psychodynamic and behaviourist perspectives lead to the conclusion that a complex interaction of biological, psychological and sociological factors may account for the onset and continuation of his homicidal behaviour.     

国内流离失所者及其保护及相关国际法问题

国内流离失所者与难民不同的是其没有跨越国境到他国而是在其本国境内流离失所,造成国内流离失所的原因也与造成难民的原因不同,武装冲突、普遍的暴力、侵犯人权、自然灾害等是造成国内流离失所的主要原因.随着国内流离失所者数量的大规模增加,其已成为国际社会面临的重要人道挑战.近年来,联合国发布了《流离失所者指导规则》,非盟制定了《关于保护和救助非洲流离失所者的非洲公约》,表明了国际社会将流离失所者作为单独的受保护的群体进行帮助和保护的趋势.此外,国际人道法中关于禁止在武装冲突中移送或迁移平民的规定,有助于防止流离失所,国际刑法则规定驱逐和移送平民人口构成危害人类罪、战争罪和灭种族罪等国际罪行,国际社会也有这方面的审判实践.联合国难民署、红十字国际委员会等机构将保护国内流离失所者作为其工作内容,并且在保护国内流离失所者中发挥了重要作用.     

Lessons from Ugandan indigenous knowledge systems regarding the management of HIV and AIDS

Abstract

Health is one of the major challenges facing Africa today. Solutions need to come from within and outside Africa, drawing from Africa's indigenous knowledge systems. This article describes the life cycles of malaria, tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and presents some strategies for the control and prevention of these diseases that are lessons and experiences from African countries.