论我国农村土地收益制度现状与改革

"三农"问题是我国建设社会主义新农村的核心问题,我国当前处于社会转型的重要时期,农村土地收益分配体系的健全关系到当代中国的经济发展、社会稳定乃至国家安全各个方面。但因对当前农村土地收益分配制度研究缺乏系统性,我国目前在这方面存在很多问题,主要表现为土地产权残缺、土地税费体系混乱、土地流转程序不规范、土地征收标准失衡等。全面把握分配主体之间的博弈关系,根据党的"十八大"精神提出相关对策建议,解决这些问题应采取规范土地产权制度、规范土地租、税、费制度、规范土地收益分配制度及完善相关配套制度的措施,使之能平衡各主体间的土地合理收益分配。     

Fuel Distribution in Brazil： Profile and Stability of Plural Governances

This paper is dedicated to the study of governances adopted by fuel distributors in their transactions with gas station retailers in the State of Sgo Paulo. With the deregulation of the market, plural forms were allowed and have been a recurring presence. The main aim of the paper is to investigate why these plural forms have remained on the market The main hypothesis of this paper is that the plural forms found are transitory, not as a result of increased efficiency and reduced transaction costs, but because plural forms have become a key strategic step in securing business partners and promoting greater growth of the firm. Moreover, it is argued that the institutional environment has a significant influence on the coordination of plural forms, directly interfering with their stability. The research method was qualitative research with a group of 25 distribution companies which account for about 80% of sales of ethanol and gasoline in the domestic market.     

乌江流域民族地区历代科举人才的地理分布

乌江流域民族地区是我国历代学校教育较为落后、科举人才较为匮乏的地区之一。该地区科举人才的分布呈现出整体落后、区域差距、阶段起伏、科举家族涌现等特点。宋、明、清三代 ,科举人才的地理分布形成“点→线→面”的格局 ,其成因有六 :一是政治因素 ;二是经济因素 ;三是教育因素 ;四是考试政策因素 ;五是文化因素 ;六是交通因素。民族地区科举人才的生成 ,不仅受制于多种政治因素 ,而且也受制于当时当地的经济、教育、考试政策、文化和交通等因素。     

The land question,land grabbing and agriculture in Africa

Abstract

Land grabbing has emerged as a form of production and export of food and biofuels in the Third World by enterprises owned by foreign governments and business entities. Large tracts of land are either leased or sold to these enterprises cheaply by the state, usually with the argument that such land is empty and needs to be put to good use. But land grabbing dates back to colonial times, thus substantially shaping the political economy of such countries as South Africa, Kenya and Zimbabwe. It is therefore fitting at this conjuncture to discuss land grabbing in its holistic and historical context, noting that smallholding agriculture juxtaposed against large scale commercial farming will for a long time define agrarian class struggles, the character of the state and the project of nation building.

Over the last decade or so land distribution in Zimbabwe by the Mugabe government was assumed to be heading for disaster. Recent information, however, reveals that productivity has improved, tobacco exports are improving and smallholders accessing affordable farm input and markets while getting a fair reward for their labour behave no differently from large scale commercial farmers. In the final analysis the issue of equity and poverty elimination needs to be central in addressing the land and agriculture question in Africa.     

从“中心化”到“非中心化”：劳动领域收入分配制度 改革的新思路

自 21 世纪以来，我国收入分配制度改革经历了从“中心化”向“非中心化”的发展与革新。 2015 年以前，各地收入分配制度改革的相关举措具有对象上以劳动关系为中心、路径上依赖政府之手与非市 场性手段的特点。此种“中心化”的制度安排难以妥善处理短期成效与长期可持续性、工资普惠性与激励性、 部分群体受益与更弱势群体相对受损之间的辩证关系，存在将矛盾转移至政府的潜在风险。研究认为，在收入 分配制度改革“非中心化”的设计中，需兼顾活力、耐力与定力。一方面，在共创、共享、共治原则下找准市场、 政府与劳资双方的定位；另一方面，盘活劳动力横向与纵向流动性，在落实机会平等的基础上完善按劳分配。     

“得”字句的句法分析

句型系统包括显性句型和潜性句型。“得”字句的九种潜性句型既可能显性化也可能永远呈现为潜态,这取决于“得”前谓词与其补语之间的语义选择性和语用制约性。对“得”字句句型的演绎描写,有助于计算机处理自然语言句型模式的构建。     

浅谈对劳动价值理论的再认识

马克思主义经典作家创造劳动价值论的目的 ,是为了划清劳动与剥削的界限 ,揭示劳动与资本的对立 ,从而进一步阐明资本主义必然为社会主义所代替的历史规律。当社会进入知识经济时代时 ,创造价值的劳动越来越依靠科技、知识、资本等新的生产要素。因此 ,运用马克思主义的劳动和劳动价值理论指导社会主义市场经济的运行 ,就应对其理论进行新的再认识     

建立现代企业制度应明确的几个问题

现代企业日益呈现出以知识,技术为根基快速发展的现代企业制度.而如何正确处理货币(物质)资本与人力资本在企业发展中的矛盾,使二者有机结合,正成为现代企业能否正常有效发展的重要条件.     

生物检材中微量斑蝥素的检验

本文提出了用酸解法分离提取生物检材中的斑蝥素,并提供了一种新的薄层显色方法。以烯丙异丙巴比妥为内标的气相色谱法测定斑蝥素含量,准确可靠。回收率可达85％。应用该法测定了中毒动物死后的体内分布。     

论提高工人工资与推进我国收入分配制度改革

近年来,我国居民收入差距不断扩大,工人的工资低且增长缓慢,而垄断行业员工的工资过高、增长过快。因此,调整产业结构,重视劳动的价值,加强对垄断行业的监管,充分发挥工会组织在维护工人权益方面的作用,是提高工人工资,推进我国收入分配制度改革,促进社会和谐的题中之义。