论航空运输中对旅客的损害赔偿责任

航空旅客运输有国际国内之分,在法律适用上有所差异;国际航空运输中主要适用华沙体系和1999年《蒙特利尔公约》,国内航空运输则适用各国国内法的规定。从国际航空公约和我国航空法对旅客损害赔偿责任体系的比较看,二者对旅客损害赔偿责任期间、损害构成、赔偿主体等规定模糊,我国航空法对旅客损害赔偿的归责原则规定的比较单一,赔偿标准较低。我国应当结合国际航空条约中的有益规定和国内相关法律中的规定对航空法进行修订,这是健全和完善我国航空法体系的必由之路。     

刑法解释方法与人权保障的实现——从类推解释、扩张解释、限制解释谈起

无论是刑法类推解释、扩张解释还是限制解释,都不是在刑法规定的字面意义上所进行的解释,不能保障国民的预测可能性,因而均应当区分为有利于行为人的类推解释、扩张解释、限制解释和不利于行为人的类推解释、扩张解释、限制解释。前者有利于人权保障,应当允许;而后者不利于人权保障,应当禁止。     

论家庭性暴力的性质及法律责任

对在婚姻关系处于非正常状态时发生的性暴力行为,当其情节恶劣、损害后果严重时,应当认定为强奸罪,被告人应承担刑事责任;而对于夫妻关系处于正常状态,妻子基于正当理由拒绝丈夫的性要求,丈夫违背妻子的意愿强行发生性行为的性暴力,给妻子造成了身体上的伤害时,应当定性为民事侵权行为,无论当事人是否提起离婚诉讼,过错方配偶应当承担侵权责任。     

防治家庭暴力应重视道德调适

家庭暴力的危害十分严重,导致其发生的一个重要原因就是当事人道德观念落后、道格人格缺失以及社会道德调控缺乏.因此,防治家庭暴力应重视道德调适,要弘扬传统伦理道德精华,加强社会主义精神文明建设,营造文明的社区环境,增强人们的家庭和社会责任感.     

论欧盟法在成员国的适用

欧盟法主要由欧盟与成员国签订的基础性条约、欧盟与第三国或国际组织签订的条约和欧盟通过的条例、指令和决定组成。在欧盟内部,欧盟法可以直接适用,具有直接效力,并处于优先地位。欧盟法与成员国法的关系既不同于国际法和国内法关系,也不同于联邦法与成员邦法的关系。欧盟成员国各自适用欧盟法的实践,反映了欧盟法独特的适用方式,表明国际法日益得到普遍的尊重与遵守,主权国家自觉灵活适用国际法以维护国家利益,国际组织在国际法国内适用方面发挥重要作用。这是对现代国际法的丰富与发展。     

UNIFIED FAMILY COURTS

Fragmented court systems are especially problematic for domestic violence victims because they typically are involved in more than one proceeding that stems from the same pattern of abuse. The proceedings are handled in different courts and before different judges, who are often unaware of these orders being issued in other proceedings. Consequently, conflicting orders are prevalent and the protection and needs of victims are often not met. A unified family court, on the other hand, provides one court with the subject-matter jurisdiction to handle all family-related matters and one judge to hear all cases that involve a single family, resulting in conflicting orders being issued less frequently. Additionally, the needs of victims are better served as a result of the services component. Given the fragmented state of the court systems in New York and Pennsylvania, United States; Alberta, Canada; and Australia, unified family courts should be implemented in each locality.     

The reduction of violent crime through economic equality for women

Normally we do not link the reduction of violent crime with equal rights for women, this paper traces such a linkage. Central to the logic of this argument is that the distribution of the frequency of violent crime is often described by a bimodal curve which supposedly distinguishes between minor, unimportant offenders and a distinct group of serious offenders: the target for many policies being the latter. In fact, this bimodal distribution does not exist; therefore, policies based on it will be fruitless. The larger group of minor offenders is basically ignored. The distribution of violence is better described as a continuous skewed curve which retains its shape. Thus, an effective policy to reduce violence would have to shift the entire curve to the left. Reducing the more numerous acts of lesser violence rather than concentrating on the rarer cases of extreme violence would be more effective. Since much violence is nurtured in family settings, policies that decrease stress in family settings would have a meaningful impact on future violence. Stress could be reduced with greater economic equality for women, making it possible for them to leave potentially violent domestic settings. In the long term this would have an impact on violent crime.     

联想与类比:纳西族东巴文化中的性象征

在纳西族的东巴文化中 ,以联想和类比的方式表现出来的性象征情况非常明显 ,当中保存有很多以自然物象征女阴、男根的现象 ,甚至连宇宙起源的模式在东巴神话中 ,也完全按性行为方式进行构拟 ,自然万物的衍生被类比为通过性行为而生殖的结果。     

考察北欧供暖系统后的启示

结合北欧供暖系统分析我国现阶段集中供热的利弊,以及集中供热发展前景。     

Dimensions of Self-Concept as Predictors of Men Who Assault Their Female Partners

While professionals working in the field of domestic violence have gleaned much information about the prevalence and scope of spouse abuse, there is still a need for information on contributing variables in men who assault their female partners. Constructs emerging from the self-concept literature provide some promise for understanding personality attributes that can help explain why some men assault their partners and others do not. There are two constructs in particular that seem to help explain volatile reactions in relationships. The first construct is negative self-concept associated with rela-tionship role performance. The second construct is the unstable self-concep-tion. This study examines the role of self-concept in discriminating men who assault their female partners from their nonbattering peers. Using a sample of 272 men matched on educational achievement, this study uses negative self concept and unstable self concept to predict known wife assaulters from their non-assaultive peers. Findings of a logistic regression analysis indicate that each construct is able to accurately predict violent and nonviolent groups with about 77% accuracy.