Police Enforcement of Domestic Violence Laws: Supervisory Control or Officer Prerogatives?

Police officers are afforded a high degree of discretion in the exercise of their authority, and the control of this discretion is an important issue. While it is assumed that individual officer attitudes and preferences shape their discretionary activity, these officers are also members of a paramilitary organization with leaders over them. The present study explored the influence of both officer attitudes and management influences to explain variation in officer domestic violence arrest rates. Hierarchical linear modeling was used with a sample of 311 patrol officers and 61 supervisors from 23 municipal police agencies across multiple states. Unlike much of the previous literature, the results revealed that officer occupational attitudes had no effect on this particular officer work behavior. Management influences (such as rewards and written policies) significantly influenced officers’ domestic violence arrest behavior. The findings emphasize the complexity involved in the control of officer discretion.     

The Relationship Between Child Maltreatment,Intimate Partner Violence Exposure,and Academic Performance

This article presents a longitudinal examination of the association between children's experiences of child maltreatment (CM) and intimate partner violence (IPV), alone and in combination, with children's academic performance. Integrated, administrative data from the Minnesota Departments of Education and Human Services were used to obtain a sample of 2,914 children. Data provided an opportunity to study comparisons of single (CM or IPV) and combined experiences (CM-IPV), longitudinally observe the impact of these experiences on academic functioning, and make comparisons to the general population. Results revealed significant differences in school attendance and math and reading performance by adverse experience. Children exposed to CM and IPV, individually or in combination, underperformed at school. IPV-exposed children had the poorest outcomes. Findings highlight the need for dedicated screening for adverse childhood experiences, particularly IPV exposure, and devoting greater educational and social service resources as a means of promoting future school achievement and adult functioning.     

妙喻连珠串《围城》

比喻是《围城》中运用得最多,也是最有特色的表现手法。在《围城》中,作者几乎调动了所有用得上的比喻手法,不仅有显喻、隐喻、曲喻,而且还有意向比喻、官感比喻、哲理比喻,等等。这些比喻如一颗颗熠熠发光的珍珠,缀满整部作品,使抽象化为形象,深奥化为浅显,复杂化为简约,平淡化为神奇,给语言增添了鲜明的艺术色彩,对增强作品的感染力也起到举足轻重的作用。     

我国家庭暴力犯罪的特征及其对策

家庭暴力是世界各国所面临的最复杂和冲突最激烈,同时也是最为隐蔽的一个严重社会问题。它所具有的普遍性、隐蔽性、逆变性、举证难、处理难等特征,决定了消除家庭暴力,应积极推进“社会性别特别关注”战略,将性别问题纳入决策主流;创设以政府为主导、多机构参与的反家庭暴力综合机制;深化“女性素质工程”,努力提高妇女自身的素质;加快我国《家庭暴力防治法》的立法进程,为规制家庭暴力、切实保护妇女的合法权益提供法律依据和社会支持。     

域外警察介入家庭暴力法律制度架构之探析

20世纪70年代以来,家庭暴力问题日益受到国际社会关注。为了应对这一跨越国界、人群的全球性问题,西方许多国家全面展开防治家庭暴力的法律改革,其中警察介入家庭暴力已经形成了比较完善的法律规制体系。无论在基础理论领域,还是在刑事立法和司法政策方面均有重大的发展与突破。警察有权主动介入家庭暴力,对家庭暴力的受害者采取特殊保护措施,对施暴者采取限制措施。警察对家庭暴力实施者的逮捕权也不断扩大。     

论国际法与国内法的辨证关系

国际法与国内法的关系问题是国际法的一个基本理论问题,其实质是国内法在国际交往关系中占居何种地位以及国家如何在国内执行国际法。本文在回顾国际法与国内法关系的有关理论的基础上,论述了国际法与国内法的本质区别和相互联系,较客观地揭示了国际法与国内法的辩证关系。     

从国际金融危机的影响机制看扩大内需的必要性及其路径选择

国际金融危机对各国经济的影响机制不尽相同,相应的治理机制也会有很大变化。与美国相比,国际金融危机对我国经济的影响机制几乎完全相反,主要表现为从实体经济向金融系统传导,从下游产业向上游产业渗透,从国外向国内、从沿海向内地扩散。相应地,应对国际金融危机,我们不会以金融治理为重点,而是以实体经济为重点、重心下移。在应对的内容和措施方面,必须综合治理,出台扩大内需的系统化解决方案。     

反家庭暴力对策的比较研究

对家庭暴力的防治 ,必须建立完善的“配套工程” ,加强反家庭暴力的法治观念教育 ,提高国民对家庭暴力的认识 ,维护正确的家庭观念 ,并将其渗透至社会生活的方方面面。针对我国现阶段的国情 ,只有立法、社会救助与普法相结合 ,才能真正做到预防与消除家庭暴力。     

Towards identifying and ranking selected types of violence against women in North India

ABSTRACT

The paper is aimed at identifying and ranking different types of violence against women (VAW) in states of Delhi and Haryana in Northern India. Examples of gender-specific violence were selected through an extensive review of the literature. The types of VAW reviewed include the lower economic value of daughters at birth (females being considered a liability rather than an asset), rampant female feticides aided by proliferation of often illegal prenatal diagnoses, maternal morbidity, and mortality rates, physical and emotional abuse and neglect of female children, “honour” killing of women, exclusion and deprivation of women from medical treatment and nutrition, their subjection to assaults and rape (including marital rape), insufficient compliance to women’s legal rights of inheritance, arranging early marriages of girls, dowry deaths, female sexual harassment, and intimidation in community and workplace, female trafficking and prostitution, and so forth.

The conceptual frame of reference used for the study was provided by the culturally sanctioned legitimation of the patriarchal system of Indian family as well as by people’s perceptions and attitudes. Data were collected through the survey method in two phases. A preliminary survey was conducted during the first phase for developing the questionnaire items to be used for data collection in the phase two of the study. The findings of the study are presented and reveal participants’ rankings of selected types of VAW by degree of relative importance. Data, based on secondary sources as well as a non-random sample of respondents, were analysed to assess the various areas which demand immediate redress. We also interpret data based on selected criteria and suggest few optimistic future trends in regard to addressing and preventing VAW.     

类推适用的私法价值与司法运用

凡制定法皆可能存在法律漏洞,类推适用是在法律对系争事件或说个案存在法律漏洞时的一种漏洞补充方法。类推适用的私法价值既是法律正义价值的体现,也是法律存在漏洞并且必须补充和法官不得拒绝审判原则的必然要求;基于中国的法律文化传统,我国民法典应该确认类推适用的地位并确定具体的规则。