跨国毒品犯罪的形势与对策研究

当前,全球毒品走私已形成完备的走私路线和产、供、销网络,成为一个没有国界的全球性行业。对策:1.坚持堵源截流,疏压结合;2.与东南亚国家经济合作;3.加强跨国毒品案件侦查;4.加强区域性禁毒执法合作;5.增加缉毒科技含量;6.完善禁毒立法;7.加强国际禁毒合作。     

刍议微量物证在交通事故案件中的应用

交通事故中, 无论是车辆与车辆之间还是车辆与人之间以及其他物证之间,只要曾经接触过, 就会在双方客体上留下痕迹,如果能充分利用这些物证,特别是现场不易发觉的微量物证,将会大大提高交通事故办案效率及定性定责的准确率.本文从微量物证的特点入手,详细阐述了微量物证的种类及提取方法,并结合现实案例,论述了微量物证在交通事故中的作用.     

城市轨道交通安全反恐建设规划研究

城市轨道交通已成为当今各国解决城市交通拥挤最有效的手段。城市轨道交通安全的特点以及当前轨道交通安全反恐建设方面遭遇的困境,需要公安安全保卫部门提前参与到轨道交通建设规划的编制中,要求我们根据危机管理、安全防范理论来构建有实际操作意义的轨道交通安全反恐系统,从而保障轨道交通和谐有序发展,为民众提供便捷、高效的服务。     

Rapid detection of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists impregnated into paper by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

The last few years have witnessed the change in the modalities of smuggling of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) by impregnating them in mail envelopes and fast parcels. Considering the aforementioned scenario, it is important to develop a portable technique to identifying SCRAs through packages. The purpose of this research was to detect SCRAs impregnated into substrates of paper using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Three SCRAs that included 5F-PB-22, AB-FUBINACA and AKB-48 were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. The three SCRAs and four cutting agents were impregnated into paper of variable thickness at four concentrations (10, 15, 20, and 25 mg/mL). Spectra were collected over the wavenumber range of 650–4000 cm⁻¹ using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and were exported to Matlab 2020b where data analysis was applied. The FTIR spectral data was able to show the three SCRAs could be detected on paper using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and quantitatively modeled using the partial least squares regression algorithm. Principal component analysis showed separate clustering for the compounds that crystallized (5F-PB-22, AB-FUBINACA and caffeine) onto the papers surface from those impregnated into the bulk of the paper (AKB-48 and procaine) with the latter situated near blank papers in score plots. In summary, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy has proven to be a successful non-destructive technique in detecting and quantifying a selection of SCRAs impregnated into paper.     

The utility of histology in assessing the cause of death in medico-legal autopsies in selected trauma deaths: Suspension-, immersion-, fire-, and traffic-related

The goal of a medico-legal autopsy is primarily to determine the cause and manner of death. To this end, the pathologist often uses auxiliary analyses, including histology. However, the utility of routine histology in all medico-legal autopsies is unknown. Earlier studies on the utility of routine histology have shown inconsistent effects, with some studies recommending it and others rejecting it. To study the degree to which histology informs on the underlying cause of death, we sent autopsy reports from suspension-, immersion-, fire-, and traffic-related deaths to senior board-certified forensic pathologists and had them assess the cause of death, first without knowledge of the histological findings and then with knowledge thereof. Fifty cases were identified in each of four subgroups: fire-, immersion-, suspension-, and traffic-related deaths. The autopsy reports were anonymized, and the histological findings and conclusions were removed. Two board-certified forensic pathologists independently reviewed the reports in each subgroup and assessed the manner and underlying cause of death (including their certainty of this assessment on a five-level scale) with and without access to histological findings. The probability of changing the underlying cause of death posthistology was low in all study groups. There was a slight increase in the degree of certainty posthistology in cases where the underlying cause of death was not changed, but only when the antehistology certainty was low. Our results suggest that histology does not meaningfully inform on the underlying cause of death in suspension-, immersion-, fire-, and traffic-related deaths except when antehistology certainty is low.     

青岛市快速路交通噪声影响研究

结合对青岛市东西快速路和山东路营运期的交通噪声实地监测,根据监测数据的统计分析,从垂直和水平方向分析了青岛市快速路沿线两侧交通噪声声场分布及交通噪声的衰减规律、交通噪声对处在不同地理位置上敏感点的影响程度,为治理快速路交通噪声污染提供依据.     

Institutions,the Illegal Drug Trade,and Participant Strategies: What Corrupt or Pariah States Have In Common with Liberal Democracy and the Rule of Law

Institutions generate incentives that guide behavior, but many analysts and policymakers underestimate the power of institutions to affect behavior by ignoring how distinct strategies work to generate similar outcomes in different institutional contexts. This article uses the illegal trade in psychoactive substances to illustrate how outcomes (the size of the illegal drug market) across very distinct political institutions can be the same because individuals adopt different strategies in their pursuit of the same behavior: to participate in the illegal drug trade. The illegal trade in psychoactive substances represents an understudied and poorly studied issue in international relations. Arguments that focus on the deviant characteristics of governments in the developing world and organized crime to explain the trade are misleading for empirical and methodological reasons. I propose a general argument about the proliferation of the illegal drug trade that accounts for its success in countries struggling with poverty, corruption, terrorism, and pariah leaders, as well as in rich, stable democracies in which the rule of law “reigns.” The article takes factors that are often seen as distinct in explaining the drug trade (e.g., civil rights in liberal democracies and corruption in developing countries) and demonstrates that their explanatory logic represents variations on the same causal variable: the ability to conceal oneself. My insight is that the strategies used to achieve concealment vary by the institutional context in which participants find themselves.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中的吲哚美辛

建立血浆中吲哚美辛的高效液相色谱分析方法 ,扩大药 (毒 )物检测范围及手段 ,以适应法医学鉴定的特殊需要。以空白血浆标准添加吲哚美辛对样品处理方法、线性关系、回收率及精度进行考察 ,并以所建方法对健康受试者的血液浓度进行监测。方法的线性范围是 0 1～ 5 0 μg·ml-1,γ =0 9995 ,最小检出浓度为 0 0 2 μg·ml-1(S/N≥ 3)。日内、日间的方法精密度为 ( 1 1± 0 2 ) % (n =4)和 ( 2 7± 0 6 ) % (n =4) ,加样回收率为 97 5 %～10 4 2 %。所建方法准确、便捷、选择性好 ,可用于法医学鉴定及血液浓度监测     

School-Based Prevention of Problem Behaviors: A Meta-Analysis

This study examines the features of effective school-based prevention of crime, substance use, dropout/nonattendance, and other conduct problems. It summarizes, using meta-analytic techniques, results from 165 studies of school-based prevention activities that ranged from individual counseling or behavior modification programs through efforts to change the way schools are managed. The results highlight several inadequacies in the existing research for guiding policy and practice, the most notable of which is that many popular school-based prevention approaches have not been well studied to date. The study shows, however, that school-based prevention practices appear to be effective in reducing alcohol and drug use, dropout and nonattendance, and other conduct problems. The size of the average effect for each of the four outcomes was small and there was considerable heterogeneity across studies in the magnitude of effects, even within program type after adjusting for measured method and population differences. Non-cognitive-behavioral counseling, social work, and other therapeutic interventions show consistently negative effects, whereas self-control or social competency promotion instruction that makes use of cognitive-behavioral and behavioral instructional methods show consistently positive effects. Also effective are noninstructional cognitive-behavioral and behavioral methods programs. Environmentally focused interventions appear to be particularly effective for reducing delinquency and drug use.     

Tackling Drugs Together: The Possibilities for a Confidential Drug Service

This article explores the exchange of personal information between agencies working with drug users and the 'problems' created by confidentiality. Confidentiality may be conceptualised as a form of information privacy, which in turn derives from a wider idea of privacy. The authors take as a case study the 'Wintercomfort Case', concerning a day centre for drug users in Cambridge. The focus is to look at the legal and practice implications of the case, and to examine in particular the tensions that exist between welfare and justice agencies who may have access to the same information, but who may also have different agendas and objectives in taking action.