论邓小平世界战争观

冷战后,世界格局向多极化趋势发展。和平与发展时代主题更为明显,然而世界各地地区战争不断。邓小平世界战争观使我们认识到世界大战可以避免的原因,也促使我们认识到地区战争仍不能根除的历史、现实因素。     

在初中生中开展毒品预防教育的几点思考

青少年吸毒人数持续增长的趋势近年来已引起有关部门的警惕和关注 ,尽管各相关部门已在人力、物力上作了大量投入 ,积极有效的开展青少年毒品预防教育 ,但由于受国内外复杂环境的影响 ,特别是新型毒品对青少年无孔不入的侵害 ,使青少年毒品预防教育仍面临严峻挑战。为了使防范教育起到实效 ,具体做法 :1 委派经验丰富的禁毒民警或禁毒专业教师到校园开展毒品预防教育 ;2 客观地讲清楚毒品的真相 ,严禁用恐吓方式进行教育 ;3 对来自问题家庭的学生或问题孩子要重点防护。     

戒毒心理测量误差分析

毒品成瘾社会危害极大,已成为国际社会关注的焦点之一。随着禁戒毒工作的深入开展,各戒毒机构非常重视对吸毒人员进行心理矫正,普遍采用心理测量对吸毒人员心理行为进行评价,并为科学教育管理吸毒人员的实践活动提供科学、可靠的理论依据和策略。但在实际工作中,由于诸多因素的影响,使这一工作存在较大的误差。     

完善我国药品不良反应救济机制的法律思考

药品不良反应是在正常使用合格药品时产生的有害或意外反应。因药品不良反应导致患者严重损害的,相关主体应对受害人进行赔偿。在我国现行法下,药品不良反应法律责任不同于医疗事故责任、产品责任和国家赔偿责任,而属于侵权法中的公平责任。我国应及早建立和完善药品不良反应救济机制,实行药品不良反应救济基金制度。     

查处毒品犯罪中的疑难问题与解决问题的思路

毒品案件的侦查同普通刑事案件有明显区别，而与侦破危害国家安全的特务、间谍案件有类似之处。实践中，对如何认定当事人对其持有的毒品是否“明知”；毒品案件当事人反驳指控应否承担部分举证责任；如何区分“运输、贩卖”和“非法持有”；如何使用技侦手段获取的证据；缉毒警察是否应当出庭作证；如何对待“诱惑侦查”；如何对待打“预谋贩毒案件”；如何纠正偏重口供的倾向；如何落实“坦白从宽”政策；对于运输毒品罪判处死刑应否从严控制；地区管辖可否增加破案机关所在地法院管辖；关键同案人未归案的，办案期限能否放宽等问题存在着难点。可借鉴国外的有关法律规定和通行做法，并结合我国国情，修改有关方面的立法。同时，侦查部门应转变观念，改进方法，提高效益。     

利用现代物证分析技术推断毒品的来源

利用现代物证分析技术推断毒品的来源,是侦查毒品案件的客观要求,对打击毒品犯罪具有重大意义。随着气相色谱同 位素比值质谱、电感耦合等离子体质谱等现代分析技术的出现,使得我们利用现代物证分析技术推断毒品来源成为可能。     

读罗尔斯的《政治哲学讲义》——立足于人性看《利维坦》中的社会契约

罗尔斯在他的《政治哲学讲义》中对霍布斯的利维坦给予了高度评价,并主要在世俗系统内对《利维坦》进行了全面的解读。罗尔斯对社会契约的形成过程的分析不是基于神学知识的考虑,而是通过对人性的认知,并以人性为核心,来看待自然状态如何转变为战争状态,以及如何由自然状态下形成订立契约的合意,最终导致自然状态向市民社会的转变。     

Latvia, 1918–1920: A Civil War?

The post–World War I conflict that took place in Latvia between 1918 and 1920 was variously described as “struggle for freedom,” “war for liberty,” “independence war,” “civil war,” and so on. This article reviews the various concepts by discussing alternatives of statehood in Latvia. Its primary objective is to provide more evidence to the argument that the postwar conflict that took place in Latvia between 1918 and 1920 may be considered “a civil war.” By focusing on the Red and White terror campaigns, the author suggests that terror is one of the most overlooked aspects of the conflict that provides significant evidence for the perspective of “civil war.” He claims that the war was not “a class struggle,” as argued by Soviet historians, and calls for alternative explanations that would include the discussion of moral crisis, ideological conflict, ethnic and social hatred, clash of values, and the explosion of terror in Latvia.     

External Interventions in Post-Cold War Africa, 1989–2010

The study of external interventions in conflict management is critical and has implications for international relations and conflict theory. Quantitative studies of the relationship between external interventions and civil war have been prone to some conceptual limitations (understudied lower-intensity periods) and data limitations (unavailability of event battle death data). This article presents a new external interventions data set covering the period between 1989 and 2010 for Africa, building on the Regan et al. (2009) data set, which covers the period between 1945 and 1999. Novel features of this new data set are: the recoding of the overlap period; a broader range of categories of intervention, including UN and non-UN missions; and wider temporal scope, by extending the period of analysis to 2010, by lowering the civil war threshold to 25 battle deaths, and by starting the conflict period from the date of the first battle death in each civil war (based on UCDP GED version-1.5-2011). The advantages of the data set are illustrated with an analysis of the different effects interventions have on high- and low-intensity conflict periods.     

Rebel Behavior in the Context of Interstate Competition: Exploring Day-to-Day Patterns of Political Violence in Africa

This study develops a day-to-day theory of political violence that predicts that rebels respond strategically to the onset of interstate conflict that is directly related to a civil war. Government-initiated interstate conflict is theorized to incentivize rebels to signal their resolve, willingness to bear costs, and vulnerability of government forces. In addition, this form of interstate conflict is predicted to decrease violence against civilian populations, as it makes it more likely that rebels will need to rely on civilians for resources in the future. This is contrary to interstate conflict initiated by an external state, as this signal of third-party support makes civilian support more dispensable from the perspective of a rebel movement. Using a country-day data set constructed from event data, evidence is presented that is consistent with this theoretical logic. Interstate conflict, therefore, is shown to play a significant role in explaining the variation of violent events that occur on a day-to-day basis during a civil conflict.