Challenges to the elite exclusion–inclusion dichotomy — reconsidering elite capture in community-based natural resource management

The community-driven, decentralised approach to natural resource management has reached a crossroads. The good governance agenda in the water, forestry, fishery and biodiversity sectors has generated limited success in achieving pro-poor outcomes. In many cases, local elites are to blame for capturing the benefits from the process of democratising decision-making processes. This paper examines two approaches in the literature which both aim to address elite domination, namely elite exclusion and elite inclusion. The former is a deliberate act to reduce the influence of elites by excluding them from the decision-making process in natural resource management. The latter, in contrast, is a conscious strategy to integrate elites into the use of natural resources in an attempt to redistribute the benefits to poor people via the ‘trickle down’ effect. This paper argues that the dichotomy of elite inclusion and exclusion is inadequate in understanding the complex local power dynamics in natural resource management. In particular, the binary division fails to address the multiple locations of elites, overlapping institutions and the paradoxes of ‘controlled’ participatory processes. This paper argues that any strategies to tackle elite capture need to pay attention to the historical, socially embedded and negotiated nature of resource governance arrangements.     

美学研究的人文——本体论倾向评价

20世纪美学理论研究在中国经历了一个以政为本向以人为本的旨趣转向过程,其间的一个不可回避的重要问题,就是如何摆脱传统工具论和本质论的封闭视野,向人文精神和独立的本体论回归,进而找到美学理论建构的基本立足点近年来出现的人文一本体论倾向,将在21世纪美学理论研究中愈来愈显示出强大生命力。     

后苏联空间国家的政治-法律设计--从后苏联空间政权合法化到国家规划探索

苏联解体后,在后苏联空间国家突然拥有国家主权的条件下,新政治精英需要建立一个新的政治-法律空间。对这些国家而言,设计与现实相适应的政治-法律制度、建立稳定的国家体制、制定和实施有效的国家政策的过程过于拖延,前景令人质疑,而且即将面临政治代际更替的全新挑战。后苏联空间非常复杂,但也因此是研究和政治设计的重要地区。20多年的实践表明,不应期待后苏联空间的快速转型。大多数后苏联空间国家未完成国家建设和制度建设,这使形势复杂化,可能导致巨大的变数,包括冲突和诉诸武力。但是,外部环境仍逼迫变革。对于后苏联空间国家而言,变革具有政治理性化和政治制度形式化的目的,包括以法律形式固定政治制度和强制政治设计者更多地在正式法律范围内行事,而达到上述目的的选择包括革命性变革或自上而下的革命。     

农民工对新农村建设影响的实证研究

作为连接城乡的纽带,农民工群体在社会主义新农村建设中发挥着不可替代的作用。随着改革开放的深入,农民工的地位与作用越来越凸显。但从社会地位来看,农民工群体处于一种"底层精英"的尴尬境地。一方面,他们在城市社会中处于社会的底层;另一方面,在农村社会中,他们却属于精英群体。农民工对新农村建设包括新农村经济建设、新农村政治建设和新农村文化建设三个方面所产生的影响是显而易见的。     

乡村精英变迁视角下的村社治理

20世纪80年代以来,我国村社治理结构的转型反映了当代中国政治生活领域中"国家-社会"关系的调整和"民主-自治"的社会治理变迁.在这一过程中,处于乡村社区政治体系边界的乡村精英呈现出向多元化方向的发展.如何使乡村精英在数量和质量上得到保证并充分发挥其在农村中的"守门员"角色,以实现转型社会中所渗透于乡村社区的多种能量间的良性互动,将是乡村治理的一个关键,也是社会主义新农村建设的一个应有之义.     

Across time and space: Explaining variation in news coverage of the European Union

News about the European Union (EU) looks different in different countries at different points in time. This study investigates explanations for cross‐national and over‐time variation in news media coverage of EU affairs drawing on large‐scale media content analyses of newspapers and television news in the EU‐15 (1999), EU‐25 (2004) and EU‐27 (2009) in relation to European Parliament (EP) elections. The analyses focus in particular on explanatory factors pertaining to media characteristics and the political elites. Results show that national elites play an important role for the coverage of EU matters during EP election campaigns. The more strongly national parties are divided about the EU in combination with overall more negative positions towards the EU, the more visible the news. Also, increases in EU news visibility from one election to the next and the Europeanness of the news are determined by a country's elite positions. The findings are discussed in light of the EU's alleged communication deficit.     

论牛津大学的办学特色

作为一所“英国最具创新力的大学”和培养精英的世界名校,牛津大学坚持以培养全面发展的绅士为人才培养目标,并通过学院制、导师制、别具特色的专业设置、多样化的课程体系、丰富多彩的课外活动,促进人才培养目标的实现,始终保持着勃勃生机和强大的吸引力,对英国乃至世界和人类历史都产生了重大影响。     

法官职业化、精英化与我国法官培训教育机制改革

一个法官要公平正义地适用法律,职业化、精英化是必不可少的务件;而实现法官的职业化、精英化,又必然需要一个相对健全的法官教育培训机制.我国当前的法官培训教育机制还远远不能满足法官职业化、精英化的要求.在法官培训教育机制改革方面,我国要在立足本国国情的基础上,适当借鉴国外的先进经验.我国法官的教育培训机制改革应具体包括法官培训教育机构设置合理化、教育培训课程设置合理化和教育培训教师配置合理化等方面的改革和完善.